[EL] FEC deadlocks
Craig Holman
holman at aol.com
Fri Jul 1 06:29:52 PDT 2011
Colleagues:
I have distributed this data on FEC deadlocks through history to this listserv before, but since the discussion has come up today, it is attached once again.
There has been a tsunami of deadlocks on FEC votes in all categories -- enforcement, advisory opinions, regulations and audits -- since 2009, completely out of character for nearly the entire history of the agency.
Craig Holman, Ph.D.
Government Affairs Lobbyist
Public Citizen
215 Pennsylvania Avenue NE
Washington, D.C. 20003
TEL: (202) 454-5182
CEL: (202) 905-7413
FAX: (202) 547-7392
Holman at aol.com
-----Original Message-----
From: Rick Hasen <rhasen at law.uci.edu>
To: law-election <law-election at uci.edu>
Sent: Thu, Jun 30, 2011 9:46 pm
Subject: Re: [EL] FEC deadlocks
I pointed to Michael Franz's post in particular, because he has done empirical studies of deadlocks at the FEC and his impression that things have changed in the McGahn era. The analysis needs to be not only quantitative, but qualitative. The party line votes on disclosure, enforcement, coordination and the Citizens United rulemaking will turn out to be quite important as the 2012 election season gets into full swing. Indeed, the Republican Commissioners' vote on disclosure of which contributions must be disclosed to fund electioneering communications may be the single biggest change to campaign finance law this election season aside from Citizens United itself.
On 6/30/2011 6:01 PM, Smith, Brad wrote:
Over the last two years the FEC has unanimously decided 30 of 42 advisory opinion requests, and "deadlocked" on 4, or less than 10% for the mathmatically challenged. This is actually a historically high rate of deadlocks, but still far less than the impression one would get from listening to the reform community. If history is any guide, the percentage of "deadlocked" votes on substantive enforcement matters is even lower.
Reformers have tossed this chestnut around for 20 plus years, attempting to fob off the failure of regulation in this area on lack of effective enforcement rather than a complex law, muddled objectives, legal setbacks in court, and a law and theories that simply do not work.
As they like to say, anecdotes do not constitute data.
Bradley A. Smith
Josiah H. Blackmore II/Shirley M. Nault Designated Professor of Law
Capital University Law School
303 E. Broad St.
Columbus, OH 43215
(614) 236-6317
http://www.law.capital.edu/Faculty/Bios/bsmith.asp
From: law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu on behalf of Rick Hasen
Sent: Thu 6/30/2011 7:01 PM
To: law-election at UCI.EDU
Subject: [EL] FEC deadlocks
There's been a suggestion that the number of FEC deadlocks has been exaggerated. Below is a post from Michael Franz on the question, included among all the posts on my blog in the last couple of years in which the word "deadlock" appears (I've removed from this list those posts which don't involve the FEC):
Search Results for: deadlock
The Bigger Story at Today’s FEC: No New Soft Money Loophole; Jim Bopp, Like Stephen Colbert, Brings Some Unanimity to the FEC
Posted on June 30, 2011 by Rick Hasen
While Stephen Colbert got all the attention at the FEC today (link to commission audio), the more important substantive decision was the unanimous vote of the FEC to prevent the reopening of a soft money loophole in campaign finance law. It’s not every day (in fact, it’s usually not any day) that the FEC’s actions get praise from Fred Wertheimer.
What happened and why?
Here’s the back story: Jim Bopp announced the formation of a Republican “super PAC”–a political committee which does not make any contributions directly to federal candidates, and which, thanks to recent court and FEC rulings may take unlimited contributions (from individuals, corporations, and labor unions) to be spent on independent ads supporting or opposing federal candidates. What made Bopp’s proposal unique is that he would use Republican officeholders to raise unlimited sums for the Super PAC. It would not only create a “shadow” Republican party—it would get elected officials back in the business of raising unlimited sums from corporate, union, and wealthy contributors, effectively reversing the “soft money ban” put in place by McCain-Feingold. Not only did the Supreme Court uphold that ban in McConnell v. FEC (in a portion of the opinion not touched by Citizens United), even Justice Kennedy voted to uphold key parts of the ban on elected officials soliciting unlimited funds to benefit their political parties.
Democratic lawyers, including Marc Elias, in a savvy move, then filed an Advisory Opinion request, asking the FEC to rule on whether such unlimited fundraising is legal, or whether such solicitations need to be within the $5,000 limit for PACs which are not “super-PACs.” So Elias got the FEC to rule on whether Bopp’s plan is legal.
Today the FEC voted on that advisory opinion request, saying that elected officials may not raise unlimited funds for super-PACs. I have not seen any news reports yet, but Sean Parnell tweets that the Commission, on a 6-0 vote, approved a revised version of Draft A to AO request 2011-12. It’s a good thing too, because it really would have eviscerated the soft money limits.
Why was the FEC vote 6-0, when we’ve been seeing lots of 3-3 FEC deadlocks recently, with the Republican Commissioners refusing, in my view, to fairly enforce the law?
I think Jim Bopp’s proposal was a bridge too far, even for the three FEC Commissioners. Not only would there have been a public outcry, but I imagine the issue would have ended up in the courts, and created great uncertainty as the 2012 election season gets into full swing. It reminds me of when Judge Kavanaugh rejected a lawsuit by Bopp seeking to end the soft money limits. Judge Kavanaugh, no friend of campaign finance regulation, said that the time may come when the Supreme Court would overturn McConnell and hold the soft money limits clearly imposed by Congress as unconstitutional. But until then he was bound by Congress and the Court.
So the three Republican commissioners deserve great praise today for their vote in this case, but I have low expectations going forward, given the Commissioners’ recent votes in coordination and disclosure cases, as well as their position on the post-Citizens United rulemaking.
Posted in campaign finance, federal election commission | Comments Off
Breaking News: Stephen Colbert Brings Temporary Bipartisan Harmony to the FEC
Posted on June 29, 2011 by Rick Hasen
An eagle-eyed reader notes a new item posted in connection with tomorrow’s meeting of the FEC: amendments to Draft A of the Colbert advisory opinion, proposed by five of the six commissioners (all besides Republican Commissioner McGahn). This signals that things will go very smoothly (and I would guess rather quickly) at tomorrow’s FEC meeting.
The draft comes closer to the position of the Democratic Commissioners rather than the Republican Commissioners’ initial position, and it seems to lessen the possibility that the Colbert opinion could have (inadvertently) opened up a wide expansion of the “press exemption” to further undermine campaign finance laws.
Why would the Republican commissioners have agreed to this? The likely reason, as my tipster suggests and I agree, is the negative publicity that would come to the Republican commissioners had the FEC deadlocked and not issued an AO resolving all of Colbert’s issues.
But don’t worry. Once the Colbert circus leaves the FEC tomorrow, the agency will go back to its usual partisan deadlocks and Republican Commissioner obstructionism, and be as good as dead.
Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, federal election commission | Comments Off
How is the FEC Like General Franco?
Posted on June 28, 2011 by Rick Hasen
It is still dead. BNA:
The Federal Election Commission has deadlocked over whether to proceed with an enforcement case involving allegations that Christine O’Donnell’s 2010 campaign for the U.S. Senate in Delaware was illegally coordinated with the political action committee of the Tea Party Movement.
A report from the FEC general counsel’s office recommended an investigation of the unsuccessful campaign of O’Donnell, a Republican, as well as the Tea Party organization, called Our Country Deserves Better PAC—TeaPartyExpress.org.
The subscription-only BNA report details additional new documents showing campaign finance obstructionism by the three Republican FEC commissioners.
Posted in campaign finance | Comments Off
“Draft Limiting ‘Super PAC’ Fund-Raising May Not Be FEC’s Last Word on Question”
Posted on June 24, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports on the draft advisory opinion on next week’s agenda: “A draft advisory opinion ruling released by the Federal Election Commission would reject a proposal to allow national officials to help so-called Super PACs raise unlimited contributions….However, FEC officials said June 24 that they expect a competing draft to be released before the FEC meets to consider the pending advisory opinion on Super PAC fund-raising. The yet-unreleased draft may conclude that there should be no restrictions on federal and party officials’ fund-raising for these PACs.”
Let’s be clear: that competing proposal would get party leaders back into raising soft money. If the FEC deadlocks again, and this leads to a green light to such a turn of events, it would be a very bad development in my opinion—reversing the other pillar of McCain-Feingold. It is not clear to me whether there could be preemptive court action if, as I expect could well happen, the FEC deadlocks on this issue on party lines.
Posted in campaign finance | Comments Off
“U.S. Federal Election Commission Deadlocks on Greater ’12 Donor Disclosure”
Posted on June 15, 2011 by Rick Hasen
Bloomberg reports. Quoth Craig Holman: “I’ve never seen an FEC this bad before..They’re just giving the green light to everyone saying, ‘We’re not going to enforce the laws; you can do whatever you want.’”
As I’ve said, the FEC is as good as dead.
Posted in campaign finance, federal election commission | Comments Off
“Pattern of FEC Deadlocks Continues In Cases Involving Website, Disclaimers”
Posted on June 7, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports. It also has a report on Danielczyk and a possible ethics investigation of Rep. Weiner.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
FEC Dismisses Case Against O’Donnell; Reasons Unclear
Posted on June 2, 2011 by Rick Hasen
Here‘s a Politico report. There’s a delay before the FEC releases its file. We’ll have to see if this dismissal is because a majority of the Commission found no problem with O’Donnell’s conduct, or if we have on our hands yet another 3-3 partisan deadlock.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Appears Deadlocked, Postpones Vote On Party Request to Fund Litigation Costs”
Posted on March 16, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Secret campaign ad financing in offing as FEC is deadlocked”
Posted on February 28, 2011 by Rick Hasen
The LA Times offers this report.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“The FEC Is As Good As Dead; The new Republican commissioners are gutting campaign finance law.”
Posted on January 25, 2011 by Rick Hasen
I have written this Jurisprudence column for Slate. It begins:
Last week, the press was full of retrospectives on the one-year anniversary of the Supreme Court’s decision in Citizens United v. FEC, which freed corporate cash for use in federal elections. The Federal Election Commission, the six-member bipartisan body charged by Congress with administering and enforcing federal campaign finance laws, marked the anniversary with a 3-3 partisan deadlock over proposed rules to revamp those laws in light of the Citizens United opinion. Unfortunately, this was business as usual at the FEC: For the past several years the three Republican FEC commissioners have blocked enforcement of much of what remains of federal campaign finance law. As we enter the 2012 election season, the FEC is as good as dead, and the already troubling campaign finance world of secret unlimited donations is bound to get worse.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
CU Anniversary Roundup
Posted on January 21, 2011 by Rick Hasen
Political Activity Law rounds up the opeds, including by Joel Gora (WSJ), Bossie and Olson (WaPo), and Jamie Raskin (Huffpo). He also links to an NPR report.
See also this BNA report on the FEC’s deadlock yesterday.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
FEC Has 3-3 Partisan Split on Citizens United Rulemaking
Posted on January 20, 2011 by Rick Hasen
As expected, the FEC has deadlocked 3-3 on the NPRM. Here is a statement of the three Republican commissioners. If and when there is a statement from the Democratic commissioners, I’ll link.
UPDATE: Here is a statement from Democratic Commissioners Bauerly and Weintraub.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
Another Day, Another BNA Report on a Partisan Deadlock at the FEC
Posted on January 20, 2011 by Rick Hasen
See Commissioners Deadlock on Case Involving Americans for Job Security, Buck Campaign.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Seems Headed for Continued Deadlock On Rule Following Citizens United Decision”
Posted on January 18, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports on an agenda following a sad, predictable pattern:
A 143-page draft expected to be supported by the FEC’s three Democratic commissioners includes provisions that could require disclosure of all contributors above a threshold level to groups spending money on federal campaigns. The Democratic draft also includes a proposal to restrict campaign spending by companies that have more than a minimum level of ownership or control by foreign nationals.
A rival 91-page draft believed to be backed by the three Republican commissioners excludes the proposals on disclosure and foreign nationals and concentrates more narrowly on eliminating existing regulatory provisions that restrict campaign spending by corporations and unions.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks on Whether E-Mail To Sean Hannity Followers Broke Law”
Posted on January 15, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks 3-3 on Charges Involving Conduit Contributions, Coordinated Spending”
Posted on January 7, 2011 by Rick Hasen
BNA offers this report.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks on PAC Advisory Request: How the lack of a ruling impacts the future of PACs”
Posted on September 28, 2010 by Rick Hasen
The Strategist offers this analysis.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks on Advisory Opinion Bid Asking for Unlimited Contributions to PAC”
Posted on September 24, 2010 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
May 28 CRS Report on DISCLOSE Act
Posted on June 3, 2010 by Rick Hasen
Yesterday I wrote this post about a new CRS report which mentions the FEC’s potential role in enforcing the DISCLOSE Act, if it passes. I have now received a copy of the report and posted it here. Here is the relevant language about the FEC:
Importantly, FECA requires that adopting rules and developing forms (among other provisions) requires affirmative votes from at least four of the six Commissioners. A series of deadlocked votes (e.g., 3-3 ties) among members of the current Commission, however, suggests that disagreement among Commissioners is possible–particularly on controversial or ambiguous aspects of the legislation.55 If disagreements resulted in deadlock or failure to implement the law as Congress intends, the DISCLOSE Act’s effectiveness could be delayed or compromised.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks on Soft Money”
Posted on May 27, 2010 by Rick Hasen
CQ Politics reports: “The fourth time was not the charm: the Federal Election Commission could not agree Thursday on whether members of Congress could raise unlimited funds for organizations pushing state ballot initiatives.”
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“New FEC Draft Would Grant AO Request To Preempt State Laws Barring ‘Robocalls’”
Posted on January 9, 2010 by Rick Hasen
BNA: “The existence of the new draft appeared to indicate that some in the FEC now are considering granting the American Future Fund request. Such a move would override laws in about a dozen states that currently ban or restrict nearly all automatically placed calls, including calls from federal political committees.”
My prediction: 3-3 partisan deadlock.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Deadlocked FEC Vote Dismisses Charges Of Illegal Contributions by Florida Company”
Posted on December 12, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports on another 3-3 partisan split. In this case, though employees of the company investigated went to jail for illegal contributions, the FEC Republican commissioners voted against enforcement against the company under investigation. “Documents placed on the FEC website Dec. 10 indicated that the PBSJ case–designated Matter Under Review (MUR) 5903–was dropped after the six FEC commissioners deadlocked 3-3, along party lines, on an FEC staff recommendation to pursue the matter.”
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC votes to render no opinion on Brunner campaign plan”
Posted on November 5, 2009 by Rick Hasen
And it was not because of a partisan deadlock.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Election Commission Decisions Deadlocking on Party Lines”
Posted on September 27, 2009 by Rick Hasen
The NY Times offers this report.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Commissioners Deadlock Again on Rulings About Key Campaign Finance Law Questions”
Posted on July 30, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports ($).
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Ready to Consider Competing Drafts Of Advisory on ‘Political Committee’ Status”
Posted on July 16, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA reports ($): “The Federal Election Commission is set to consider July 16 two competing draft advisory opinions regarding a key legal issue — ‘political committee’ status — with the dueling drafts suggesting that the FEC commissioners may again be headed for deadlock over a contentious question of campaign finance law. The rival rulings drafted by FEC staff attorneys respond to a request for an advisory opinion (AO 2009-13) on behalf of a consulting company called Black Rock Group. The company is headed by two veteran political professionals with strong ties to Republican candidates and organizations, Carl Forti and Michael Dubke.”
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
FEC Republican Commissioners Go on the Offensive
Posted on July 14, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Caroline Hunter (Roll Call): “Any superficial allegations about what has happened over the past year reflect fundamental misperceptions about why the commission exists and how the commission operates. As borne out by the FEC’s deliberately crafted and statutorily prescribed structure, limitations and powers, the law is not currently as some envision it.”
Don McGahn (Politico): “One choice is for commissioners to reject this activist approach, regardless of how the resulting ‘deadlock’ is portrayed. I have done just that.”
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
FEC Considering Alternative Drafts AOs on Coleman Paying His Legal Bills with FEC Funds
Posted on June 19, 2009 by Rick Hasen
See here. It is possible that the FEC will adopt a different position than those in these drafts, or that there could be a deadlock.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Reformers Fear Quick Vote on Sullivan Could Discourage Other Changes at FEC”
Posted on June 17, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA has a must-read (or at least must-read if you have a paid subscription) report. “Despite these complaints [about deadlock at the FEC, officials and outside observers indicate privately that McGahn and Walther apparently continue to benefit from strong support on the part of key congressional leaders, including Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.). There appears to be little support on Capitol Hill for replacing either or both until sometime in 2010, at the earliest…Another veteran reformer, Craig Holman of the watchdog group Public Citizen, said he was surprised in May when Obama nominated Sullivan to replace Weintraub but mentioned nothing about replacement of other FEC commissioners, including McGahn. Holman noted that Weintraub, the one commissioner now slated for replacement, has been among the most vocal at the FEC in criticizing the Republican commissioners for voting to drop enforcement cases.”
It confirms my fears that there’s nothing coming out of the Obama administration on FEC reform in the near term, and that the pattern of 3-3 splits along party lines (primarily for ideological, not narrow party, reasons) will continue. At worst, soon-to-be Commissioner Sullivan will vote with the three Republicans in rulemakings and on AOs to further weaken enforcement at the FEC. If trends continue, expect to see much less regulation, and much less enforcement of regulation, as we enter the 2010 and 2012 election.
I will have more later today on the newest schism at the FEC.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“New FEC Pick Must Respect Law’s Boundaries”
Posted on June 16, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Steve Hoersting has written this Roll Call oped. A snippet: “The unease over Sullivan simmering among self-styled reform organizations is an extension of their attacks on the FEC for “partisan deadlocks” and a supposed failure to enforce “the law.” However, the split votes represent genuine disagreements between the commissioners and are shaped by Supreme Court rulings– not partisanship or flouting the law.”
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Senate Panel To Vote on Federal Election Commission Nominee”
Posted on June 11, 2009 by Rick Hasen
CQ Politics offers this report. BNA reports ($) on bipartisan support for Sullivan, and says: “Schumer indicated during the hearing that he was aware of concerns about the FEC’s recent operations, including an increasing number of 3-3 deadlocked votes on enforcement matters and other items. The chairman indicated that his committee may focus on further FEC oversight in the future but did not want to bog down the Sullivan nomination.”
A hearing on the problems at the FEC would be quite warranted. I wonder if Mr. Sullivan, if confirmed, will be joining Commissioner Bauerly (former counsel to Senator Schumer) in these partisan votes and statements of reasons. Commissioner Walther has generally voted with Bauerly and Weintraub, but he has not joined Bauerly and Weintraub in many of their statements of reasons in cases splitting the commissioners on party lines.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Latest FEC Deadlock Frees McCain From Charges of Raising ‘Soft Money’”
Posted on June 1, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA Money and Politics Report offers this report ($). Meanwhile, the FEC commissioners are even splitting along party lines over the “reason to believe” standard for investigations.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“The Republican Commissioners and the Meaning of the Deadlocks at the FEC”
Posted on May 19, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Written version of a recent presentation by Bob Bauer.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
Franz on FEC Deadlocks
Posted on May 15, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Responding to this post, Mike Franz sends along the following thoughts:
I saw your post on FEC deadlocks–I’ve been pondering this myself, especially in light of my forthcoming piece. I don’t have the vote data updated yet for this current time period, but my suspicion is that this is very unprecedented. And very much an indication of increased partisanship on the Commission.
If I read the Wal-Mart statements correctly (and I only scanned them), the Democratic Commissioners voted against the advice of the General Counsel’s report. Granted, this action was for stronger regulation, but the perception–I believe–is that GOP commissioners “disrupt” the regulatory process by dissenting from the Democratic Commissioners’ AND the General Counsel’s desire to more strongly enforce the law. In other words, in the Wal-Mart case, the GOP commissioners were voting WITH the recommended legal advice.
All told, the argument I make in the paper, that Commissioners dissent more often now than in years past, is confirmed with the FEC in the last year (this despite my not having the data on this last year). But I don’t think I expected this many 3-3 splits. I still feel that much of this current partisanship is driven by serious disagreement about the scope of the law, and not a conscious project by GOP commissioners to undermine the spirit of the law. But maybe these views are not all that different at the end of the day.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
More FEC Deadlocks
Posted on May 15, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Here ($). Michael Franz, are the number of deadlocks unprecedented?
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Reform Groups Call for Change at FEC, Citing Deadlocked Votes, Case Dismissals”
Posted on May 1, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA offers this important report ($).
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
Brad Smith and Bob Bauer on FEC Deadlocks
Posted on April 14, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Here and here.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“Deadlock: Rise of the Endless Election”
Posted on April 10, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Politico offers this interesting report.
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks on the Rise”
Posted on April 9, 2009 by Rick Hasen
Roll Call offered this report on Monday ($). See also this BNA report ($).
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“New Life for 527s? FEC Deadlocks Over Chamber of Commerce Spin-Off “
Posted on January 6, 2009 by Rick Hasen
This post appears at “Political GPS” (Larry Norton and Jim Kahl).
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“GOP Members Deadlock FEC, Undermining Positions on 527s, Embezzlement, Disclosure”
Posted on January 2, 2009 by Rick Hasen
BNA Money & Politics Report offers this must-read report ($).
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC DEADLOCKS OVER PROPOSED ISSUE ADS: DOES THIS SIGNAL A SHIFT TO MORE PARTISANSHIP ON THE COMMISSION?”
Posted on October 28, 2008 by Rick Hasen
Larry Norton, former FEC General Counsel and now in private practice, has started a blog with his partners. This blog post asks: “Does this deadlock portend ‘a new era of partisanship on the Commission,’ as suggested by FEC-watcher, Professor Richard Hasen? We think not.”
Welcome to the blogosphere!
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
“FEC Deadlocks Over Issue Ads”
Posted on October 23, 2008 by Rick Hasen
CQ Politics offers this report. With the new commissioners, will we be entering a new era of partisanship on the commission?
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off
--
Rick Hasen
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UC Irvine School of Law
401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
Irvine, CA 92697-8000
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rhasen at law.uci.edu
http://law.uci.edu/faculty/page1_r_hasen.html
William H. Hannon Distinguished Professor of Law
Loyola Law School
http://electionlawblog.org
--
Rick Hasen
Visiting Professor
UC Irvine School of Law
401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
Irvine, CA 92697-8000
949.824.3072 - office
949.824.0495 - fax
rhasen at law.uci.edu
http://law.uci.edu/faculty/page1_r_hasen.html
William H. Hannon Distinguished Professor of Law
Loyola Law School
http://electionlawblog.org
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