[EL] The Federalist Papers and Anonymity

Mark Schmitt schmitt.mark at gmail.com
Tue Jun 5 14:59:04 PDT 2012


So the argument against disclosure goes as follows:

First, there are no actual victims of serious retaliation as a result of 
disclosed political spending. So Smith/Hoersting/Strassel etc combine 
some unrelated things, such as a psychopath who appears to have called 
the police to a blogger-enemy's house, or someone requesting (but not 
getting) a Super-PAC donor's divorce records, to suggest that there 
/could/ in the future be such retaliation and that people subject to it 
need to be exempt from disclosure.

When it's pointed out that that sort of case-by-case exemption doesn't 
really make sense in the case of donors/spenders on behalf of mainstream 
political candidates, the answer is, yes, that's exactly right -- the 
exemption needs to be total.

And so we go in two logical leaps from solving a totally non-existent 
narrow problem to a categorical argument against all disclosure. Very 
impressive!


Mark Schmitt
Senior Fellow, The Roosevelt Institute <http://www.newdeal20.org>
202/246-2350
gchat or Skype: schmitt.mark
@mschmitt9 <https://twitter.com/#%21/mschmitt9>
On 6/5/2012 4:12 PM, Bill Maurer wrote:
>
> Mark,
>
> I think you understand the issue perfectly, which is why we believe 
> that the norm or default should be anonymity, not anonymity only if 
> you can show that you are subject to harassment.  That is why I argue 
> that the burden should be on the government to explain why anonymity 
> is not necessary, not on the citizen to explain why they should be 
> able to remain anonymous.  Asking people to predict the future in 
> order to exercise their First Amendment rights is not really much of a 
> protection.
>
> Bill
>
> *From:*law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu 
> [mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu] *On Behalf Of 
> *Mark Schmitt
> *Sent:* Tuesday, June 05, 2012 12:51 PM
> *To:* law-election at department-lists.uci.edu
> *Subject:* Re: [EL] The Federalist Papers and Anonymity
>
> Here's what I don't understand: If there is a possibility of severe 
> retaliation based solely on a contributor's political spending/speech, 
> then wouldn't the same possibility of retaliation exist for each and 
> every person expressing the same viewpoint? In other words, if we 
> truly believe that someone is going to get "SWATed" or something, or 
> targeted for an IRS audit, because they supported a pro-Romney 
> SuperPAC, then wouldn't every Romney contributor or outside funder 
> have the same claim? If not, then there's obviously something 
> unrelated to the political speech that causes certain spenders to fear 
> this retaliation while others don't.
>
>
> Socialist Workers holds this protection because everyone who affliates 
> with SWP, whether as a donor or party member, is far outside of the 
> mainstream of American politics and categorically subject to 
> harassment. (Or so it seems, from their FEC filing.) The same is not 
> true of supporters of Mitt Romney.
>
> Of course, all of this is entirely a thought-experiment until there's 
> some evidence that people are actually facing this kind of violent 
> retaliation (as opposed to boycotts) because of their political spending.
>
> Mark Schmitt
> Senior Fellow, The Roosevelt Institute <http://www.newdeal20.org>
> 202/246-2350
> gchat or Skype: schmitt.mark
> @mschmitt9 <https://twitter.com/#%21/mschmitt9>
>
> On 6/5/2012 9:56 AM, Steve Hoersting wrote:
>
>     Here, generally, must be the answer to Bill's question, else he is
>     entirely correct that the standard is unworkable.
>
>     A person seeking the exemption would:
>
>     1) first file an affidavit saying, a) "these groups or politicians
>     have [as Bill puts it] 'burned other people's houses down' who
>     have opposed them in the past.  b) These people have the means of
>     meaningful retaliation.  c) These people have demonstrated a
>     motive to retaliate.
>
>     Then say, 2) "I want to speak in a way opposing these groups, and
>     I do not want my 'house burned down' next."
>
>     And most importantly, one must 3) trust the judicial process
>     enough to file as a John Doe or Jane Doe until such time as the
>     judge determines whether or not the applicant will get the exemption.
>
>     If the exemption is denied, John Doe or Jane Doe will then decide
>     whether they want to go ahead and oppose the "house burners" with
>     their identities disclosed or seek review of the court's denial of
>     the exemption.
>
>     Steve Hoersting
>
>     On Mon, Jun 4, 2012 at 1:28 PM, Bill Maurer <wmaurer at ij.org
>     <mailto:wmaurer at ij.org>> wrote:
>
>     Sorry I'm late to the game on this, but doesn't Rick's position
>     create a significant proof problem?  How does a speaker know that
>     their speech will create severe retaliation?  I've asked this
>     before, but how does one show that there's a reasonable
>     probability that someone will burn your house down if you take a
>     public stand on an issue until your house gets burned down?  Then
>     the judge could say, "you know, you were right---your information
>     should have been kept private.  By the way, you're getting soot
>     all over the courtroom."
>
>     Thus, in reality, this standard is unworkable---you're either too
>     early to get protection and so you don't speak or you're too late
>     and the harm is done.  Welcome aboard the "Kobayashi Maru."  The
>     only logical choice is to not play the game as it is currently
>     constituted, thus creating a significant harm to the speaker,
>     political discourse, and leaving the political playing field to
>     only those who are rich enough or powerful enough to not care
>     about potential blowback.  I think a better standard would be that
>     a speaker's anonymity should be the default position and that the
>     government should have to burden to prove (i) why the speaker's
>     information should be released to the public, and (ii) that the
>     release of the information is unlikely to cause harassment and
>     coercion.
>
>     Bill
>
>     *From:*law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu
>     <mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>
>     [mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu
>     <mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>] *On Behalf
>     Of *Rick Hasen
>     *Sent:* Friday, June 01, 2012 8:52 AM
>     *To:* JBoppjr at aol.com <mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com>
>     *Cc:* law-election at uci.edu <mailto:law-election at uci.edu>
>
>
>     *Subject:* Re: [EL] The Federalist Papers and Anonymity
>
>     If you think that I want people to suffer severe retaliation for
>     their political beliefs you have not read my work closely.
>
>
>
>     I have said repeatedly that when there is credible evidence people
>     will face severe retaliation, then they should be exempt from
>     disclosure.  In recent cases involving gay marriage ballot
>     measures in which you have been involved, two federal district
>     courts evaluated these claims in detail and found no credible
>     evidence of harassment of people who merely gave campaign
>     contributions or collected signatures for a ballot measure. Doe v.
>     Reed, 823 F.Supp.2d 1195 (W.D.Wash. Oct. 17, 2011);
>     ProtectMarriage.com v. Bowen, No. 2:09-CV-00058-MCE-DA, ___
>     F.Supp.2d ___, 2011 WL 5507204 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 4, 2011). See
>     Richard L. Hasen, Chill Out: A Qualified Defense of Campaign
>     Finance Disclosure in the Internet Era, Journal of Law and
>     Politics (forthcoming 2012), draft available at:
>     http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/
>     papers.cfm?abstract_id=1948313.
>
>
>     On 6/1/12 8:44 AM, JBoppjr at aol.com <mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com> wrote:
>
>         Regarding: "The Federalist Papers were written in 1788, well
>     after the American Revolution victory over King George III's
>     government."  Yes, I knew that, but I liked the rhetorical flourish!
>
>         In any event, my point was that Rick might want them strung up
>     for speaking out against the Articles of Confederation, since his
>     point is that anonymous speech is wrong since people don't get to
>     punish them for it.
>
>         And I believe that nearly all of the signers of the
>     Declaration of Independence did indeed suffer severe retaliation
>     for doing so, which seems to be a result that might please Rick.
>
>     Jim Bopp
>
>     In a message dated 6/1/2012 10:58:43 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
>     mmcdon at gmu.edu <mailto:mmcdon at gmu.edu> writes:
>
>         The Federalist Papers were written in 1788, well after the
>         American Revolution victory over King George III's government.
>         The phrase "sign your John Hancock" is associated with the
>         non-anonymous speech of signing the Declaration of
>         Independence, which was more likely to result in retaliation
>         by King George III.
>
>         The Federalists were arguing for a stronger government than
>         what existed under the failed Articles of Confederation,
>         America's first constitutional government, a weak government
>         incapable of performing its necessary functions. So, the
>         Federalists were in some measure proponents of greater federal
>         government power, hence their name, Federalists. It was the
>         Anti-Federalists who were those that were more distrustful of
>         federal power and favored more power in the hands of the
>         states and the people. Our original constitution did not have
>         a First Amendment protecting free speech. The Bill of Rights
>         was adopted in conciliation to the Anti-Federalists. The
>         authors of the Federalists Papers did not believe that the
>         provisions in what would become the Bill of Rights were
>         necessary, including the First Amendment Freedom of Speech.
>
>         The authors of the Federalists Papers were not in fear of
>         reprisal for authoring the essays. The three were well known
>         for their support of the proposed constitution; Madison was
>         its author. The authors of the Federalist Papers used
>         anonymity so that Anti-Federalists could not make a connection
>         to the personal interests of the authors when rebutting the
>         essays. Still, at the time, many people correctly guessed who
>         the authors were. Ironically, in light of Jim's impassioned
>         defense of anonymity, we might have had a federal government
>         with weaker powers if the authors had not written anonymously
>         under Publius.
>
>         There is a cogent argument that one can draw from the
>         Federalist Papers example about the value of anonymous speech
>         to protect against ad hominem arguments, but there is no basis
>         to argue that the three authors feared retribution from King
>         George III.
>
>         ============
>         Dr. Michael P. McDonald
>         Associate Professor, George Mason University
>         Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution
>
>                                      Mailing address:
>         (o) 703-993-4191 <tel:703-993-4191>            George Mason
>         University
>         (f) 703-993-1399 <tel:703-993-1399>            Dept. of Public
>         and International Affairs
>         mmcdon at gmu.edu <mailto:mmcdon at gmu.edu>          4400
>         University Drive - 3F4
>         http://elections.gmu.edu    Fairfax, VA 22030-4444
>
>         From: law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu
>         <mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>
>         [mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu] On
>         Behalf Of JBoppjr at aol.com <mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com>
>         Sent: Friday, June 01, 2012 9:38 AM
>         To: rhasen at law.uci.edu <mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>;
>         law-election at uci.edu <mailto:law-election at uci.edu>
>         Subject: Re: [EL] ELB News and Commentary 6/1/12
>
>             Things have certainly changed.  The First Amendment
>         contemplates that the citizens are free to participate in
>         their government and that the government is thereby to be held
>         accountable to the citizens.
>
>             Now, it is the government holding the citizens accountable
>         for participating in their government, as Rick says: "Those
>         with power want to wield it without being accountable for
>         their actions." He wants speech only if there are consequences
>         to the speaker. I guess he wants the Founders strung up for
>         publishing the Federalist and Anti-Federalist anonymously. 
>         Well at least King George III certainly did. And how about Mrs
>         McIntyre, who not even Justice Stevens wanted to be punished
>         by the school board.
>
>             As this debate goes on, at least we now know plainly what
>         the "reformers" have in mind for those who dare to speak.
>         Nothing about voter information. No bogus claim that there
>         will be no retaliation. But a celebration of retaliation. And
>         then what a great democracy we would have!
>
>           Only the rich and powerful, whose allies hold the levers of
>         government power, would dare speak. It would be helpful too if
>         your allies control the media. Humm, am I describing current
>         America where liberals hold sway?  Is that why some liberals
>         are all fired up to bring it on!  Is this their last desperate
>         attempt to hold power -- threaten punishment of their
>         "enemies" for daring to speak out?
>
>             At least now, all the false facade has been stripped away
>         and the brave new world they contemplate has been revealed to
>         all.
>
>             Actually, it is a brave old world -- see Gangs of New York
>         if you want to see a window to our future democracy.  Jim Bopp
>
>         In a message dated 6/1/2012 2:21:47 A.M. Eastern Daylight
>         Time, rhasen at law.uci.edu <mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu> writes:
>         "Citizens: Speech, no consequences"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:20 pm by Rick Hasen
>         I have just written this oped for Politico.  It begins:
>         You've got to feel bad for the rich and powerful in America.
>         The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and a variety of big business
>         groups say if Congress goes back to letting the American
>         people know who is behind campaign attack ads, businesses will
>         face the "palpable" threat of "retaliation" and "reprisals."
>         Former Federal Election Commission Chairman Bradley Smith
>         warns in The Wall Street Journal that boycotts based on
>         political beliefs --- made possible by the public disclosure
>         of campaign finance data --- "endanger the very commerce that
>         enriches us all." Even the chief justice of the United States,
>         John Roberts, apparently is being "intimidated" (Kathleen
>         Parker), "pressured" (George Will) and "threatened" (Rick
>         Garnett) by that most powerful force in America (law professor
>         and New Republic legal editor) Jeffrey Rosen.
>         On the right these days, the rhetoric is all about a liberal
>         siege. Despite Republicans' majority in the House, its
>         filibuster power in the Senate, a sympathetic Supreme Court
>         and the great power of business groups --- the language of
>         threats is pervasive. But look beyond the rhetoric and you can
>         see what's really going on: Those with power want to wield it
>         without being accountable for their actions.
>
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, Supreme Court | Comments Off
>         "FEC Deadlocks on Candidate's Request To Rule on His Plumbing
>         Company's Ads"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:16 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Bloomberg BNA: "The Federal Election Commission deadlocked
>         late May 30 on an advisory opinion request asking whether FEC
>         reporting and disclaimer rules regarding "electioneering
>         communications" apply to ads for a congressional candidate's
>         plumbing company....The deadlock over the Mullin AO indicated
>         that the FEC may have trouble providing guidance to the
>         regulated political community following the recent court
>         actions that beefed up reporting requirements for
>         electioneering communications."
>
>         Posted in campaign finance | Comments Off
>         "The Corporate Disclosure Ruse"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:14 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Kimberly Strassel takes on Bruce Free's Center for Political
>         Accountability. This is apparently the second attack in two
>         days and the fifth in five months. Sensing a pattern here?
>
>         Posted in campaign finance | Comments Off
>         Will Tuesday's Recall Results in Wisconsin Be an "Omen" for
>         President Obama in November?
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:12 pm by Rick Hasen
>         NYT explores.
>
>         Posted in campaigns, recall elections | Comments Off
>         "Runoff Draws Big Money and Heated Words"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:08 pm by Rick Hasen
>         NYT reports on Dewhurst-Cruz in Texas.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, campaigns | Comments Off
>         "U.S. judge blocks key parts of Fla. law regulating voter
>         registration"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:05 pm by Rick Hasen
>         WaPo reports.  MORE from NYT.
>
>         Posted in NVRA (motor voter), The Voting Wars, voter
>         registration | Comments Off
>         "DOJ eyes Florida voter roll purge of non-U.S. citizens"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:02 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Politico reports.
>
>         Posted in Department of Justice, voter registration, voting,
>         Voting Rights Act | Comments Off
>         "Candidates use lawyers for early battles'
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 11:00 pm by Rick Hasen
>         TribLive: "Pennsylvania candidates are increasingly turning to
>         the courts to settle election disputes --- and vanquish
>         opponents. State court administrators reported on Thursday
>         that Commonwealth Court, which deals with election disputes
>         involving candidates for a state office or higher, has handled
>         a record 131 election cases this year."
>
>         Posted in campaigns | Comments Off
>         "Coalition challenges voter ID amendment"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 10:58 pm by Rick Hasen
>         AP: "Four groups petitioned the Minnesota Supreme Court on
>         Wednesday to remove from the November ballot a proposed
>         constitutional amendment requiring voters to present photo IDs
>         at the polls, saying the language that voters will see doesn't
>         accurately describe the amendment."
>
>         Posted in election administration, The Voting Wars, voter id |
>         Comments Off
>         "Holder's Chutzpah; Voter-ID laws are not about denying access
>         to blacks."
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 10:57 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Thomas Sowell has written this article for National Review Online.
>
>         Posted in election administration, fraudulent fraud squad, The
>         Voting Wars, voter id | Comments Off
>         WaPo on Edwards
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 7:45 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Here.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         NYT on Edwards Verdict
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 6:16 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Here.
>         MORE: Another High-Profile Failure for a Justice Dept. Watchdog
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         "Edwards case may have little effect on campaign finance"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 6:14 pm by Rick Hasen
>         The News and Observer reports.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         "Justice Department Demands Florida Stop Purging Voter Rolls"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 6:10 pm by Rick Hasen
>         TPM: "The Justice Department sent a letter to Florida
>         Secretary of State Ken Detzner Thursday evening demanding the
>         state cease purging its voting rolls because the process it is
>         using has not been cleared under the Voting Rights Act, TPM
>         has learned."
>
>         Posted in Department of Justice, election administration, The
>         Voting Wars, voting, Voting Rights Act | Comments Off
>         "Is John Edwards verdict the last straw for campaign finance?"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 4:45 pm by Rick Hasen
>         The CS Monitor reports.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         Both Sides Seem to Claim Victory in Florida Voter Registration
>         Case
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 4:40 pm by Rick Hasen
>         See this AP report.  But the fact that the state may appeal is
>         a good sign that this was more of a win for plaintiffs.
>
>         Posted in election administration, The Voting Wars | Comments Off
>         Gerstein on the Edwards Case
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 4:38 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Here.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         WSJ on Edwards Case
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 4:35 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Here.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         "John Edwards' Might've Walked But Trial Still A Warning For
>         Politicians"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 4:33 pm by Rick Hasen
>         NPR reports.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         "A Cad Gets His Due; The world knows that John Edwards is
>         loathsome. That's enough."
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 3:34 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Must-read Emily Bazelon on John Edwards.
>
>         Posted in campaign finance, chicanery, John Edwards | Comments
>         Off
>         "'Bad Kemo' riles the Sunshine State: Pre-emptive vote
>         tampering threatens majority rule"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 3:17 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Hugh Carter Donohue has written this oped for the Tallahassee
>         News.
>
>         Posted in election administration, The Voting Wars | Comments Off
>         "Buddy Roemer quits 2012 race"
>         Posted on May 31, 2012 3:16 pm by Rick Hasen
>         Politico reports.
>         The underreported story so far of the presidential campaign:
>         (Where) might Gary Johnson make a difference?
>
>
>         Posted in ballot access, campaigns, third parties | Comments Off
>         -- 
>         Rick Hasen
>         Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
>         UC Irvine School of Law
>         401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
>         Irvine, CA 92697-8000
>         949.824.3072 <tel:949.824.3072> - office
>         949.824.0495 <tel:949.824.0495> - fax
>         rhasen at law.uci.edu <mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>
>         http://law.uci.edu/faculty/page1_r_hasen.html
>         http://electionlawblog.org
>         Pre-order The Voting Wars: http://amzn.to/y22ZTv
>
>
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>
>     _______________________________________________
>
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>
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>
>     -- 
>     Rick Hasen
>     Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
>     UC Irvine School of Law
>     401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
>     Irvine, CA 92697-8000
>     949.824.3072 <tel:949.824.3072> - office
>     949.824.0495 <tel:949.824.0495> - fax
>     rhasen at law.uci.edu <mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>
>     http://law.uci.edu/faculty/page1_r_hasen.html
>     http://electionlawblog.org
>     Pre-order /The Voting Wars/: http://amzn.to/y22ZTv
>     <http://amzn.to/y22ZTv>
>
>
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>
>
>
>     -- 
>     Stephen M. Hoersting
>
>
>
>
>     This body part will be downloaded on demand.
>
>
>
>


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