[EL] National Popular Vote Interstate Compact

JBoppjr at aol.com JBoppjr at aol.com
Mon Oct 29 09:53:29 PDT 2012


How about divide California between the left coast and the rest?   Jim
 
 
In a message dated 10/29/2012 11:56:34 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,  
steve.kolbert at gmail.com writes:

What happens if the state delegations tie 25-25? Perhaps we should add  
another state, to ensure this doesn't happen. I hear the District of Columbia  
wouldn't mind obtaining statehood. 
Steve Kolbert
(202) 422-2588
_steve.kolbert at gmail.com_ (mailto:steve.kolbert at gmail.com) 
@Pronounce_the_T 
On Oct 29, 2012 11:45 AM, "John Koza" <_john at johnkoza.com_ 
(mailto:john at johnkoza.com) > wrote:


 
The  House of Representatives votes by state in choosing the President, so 
a  possible 218-218 tie in the House (which might affect the passage of  
ordinary legislation) is not relevant. 
 
Dr.  John R. Koza 
Box  1441 
Los  Altos Hills, California 94023 USA 
Phone:  _650-941-0336_ (tel:650-941-0336)  
Fax:  _650-941-9430_ (tel:650-941-9430)  
Email:  _john at johnkoza.com_ (mailto:john at johnkoza.com)  
URL:  _www.johnkoza.com_ (http://www.johnkoza.com/)   
URL:  _www.NationalPopularVote.com_ (http://www.nationalpopularvote.com/) 
 
 
From: Scarberry, Mark  [mailto:_Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu_ 
(mailto:Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu) ] 
Sent: Monday,  October 29, 2012 8:07 AM
To: 'Election Law'
Subject: Re:  [EL] National Popular Vote Interstate  Compact

Yes,  that was precisely Derek’s point. He also pointed out that with an 
even  number of House seats – 436 – a 218-218 tie in a House vote could 
occur, but  that would not be likely to create a serious problem.   
Mark 
Mark  S. Scarberry 
Professor  of Law 
Pepperdine  Univ. School of Law 
 
 
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)  
[_mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ]  On 
Behalf Of John Koza
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2012 7:57  AM
To: 'Derek Muller'; 'Rob Richie'; 'Election  Law'
Subject: Re: [EL] National Popular Vote Interstate  Compact

If  the House size were 436, then there would be 539 electoral votes, and 
hence  no tie in the Electoral College. 
Dr.  John R. Koza 
Box  1441 
Los  Altos Hills, California 94023 USA 
Phone:  _650-941-0336_ (tel:650-941-0336)  
Fax:  _650-941-9430_ (tel:650-941-9430)  
Email:  _john at johnkoza.com_ (mailto:john at johnkoza.com)  
URL:  _www.johnkoza.com_ (http://www.johnkoza.com/)   
URL:  _www.NationalPopularVote.com_ (http://www.nationalpopularvote.com/)  
From: Derek Muller  [_mailto:derek.muller at gmail.com_ 
(mailto:derek.muller at gmail.com) ] 
Sent: Sunday,  October 28, 2012 9:04 PM
To: Rob Richie; Election  Law
Subject: Re: [EL] National Popular Vote Interstate  Compact 
Regarding the first point,  "With NPV, there would never be an Electoral 
College vote tie," why wouldn't  the House pursue the less-intrusive means and 
just expand its size to  436?

An odd-numbered House wasn't a problem prior to the 23d  Amendment. And 
there are times in America's history where the House did have  an even number 
of members. It could increase the majority vote in the House  from 218 to 
219; it would mean a theoretical tie; but, given the size of the  House, it is 
often under its maximum capacity anyway, as members die or  resign with some 
regularity and leave the House with a de facto tie; and  rarely to all 
members of the House vote, anyway. The 436th seat is due to  North Carolina this 
apportionment, but perhaps a Rawlsian method might risk  the next two 
presidential elections and expand the House in the next  apportionment.

Of course, this wouldn't cure the possibility that a  third-party candidate 
captured electoral votes and thwarted an electoral  majority, but if 
269-269 is the concern, this strikes me as the far easier  solution than tossing 
the Electoral College.

Derek 
 
On Sun, Oct 28, 2012 at 2:05 PM, Rob Richie <_rr at fairvote.org_ 
(mailto:rr at fairvote.org) > wrote: 
 
The National Popular Vote plan indeed does have a history  of triggering 
long discussions here. I would suggest those who missed them  consider looking 
back in the listserv archive as well as a variety of online  resources 
about issues of debate. Every Vote Equal, for example, is  available as a free 
download at http:/_www.everyvoteequal.com_ (http://www.everyvoteequal.com/)  
-- it has a lengthy discussion in  Chapter 10 of concerns that have been 
raised, with John Koza's posts earlier  today grounded in that excellent 
resource.
 

 
Getting back to the original question from Lillie Coney  about whether NPV 
would be exacerbating problems, I would strongly  argue the opposite. This 
year's election in fact to me underscores what I  would see as the both the 
bankruptcy of the current system and its greater  vulnerability to creating 
an artificial crisis than what we will see if and  when the National Popular 
Vote plan is enacted in time for the 2016  election. 
 

 
Here's what we know about the current Electoral College  rules compared to 
the National Popular Vote plan:
 
 

 
1. With NPV, there would never be an Electoral College  vote tie, with all 
its resulting weirdness and potential for instability.  There are any number 
of stories out there about whether a tie would lead to  a Romney-Biden 
White House. Imagine the additional vitriol associated with  that scenario if 
Obama has won the popular vote, but the House sticks with  Romney. You'd see 
intense pressure on just one Romney elector to defect to  avoid this 
scenario. 
 

 
The same irrational procedure for how Congress selecting  the president and 
vice-president kicks in if a third party candidate gets  enough electoral 
votes to deprive any candidate of getting a majority. That  almost happened 
in 1968, when George Wallace won several southern states, as  Nixon would 
have lost his electoral vote majority (and perhaps the  presidency) if Humphrey 
had won California rather than lose it by 4%. This  year Americans Elect 
had visions of its candidate being strong enough to win  some states and 
potentially deny an electoral vote majority without  negotiation with its 
electors.
 

 
2. With NPV, there never would be a winner who loses in  the popular vote. 
Here's a relevant excerpt from a very interesting story on  that potential 
scenario in yesterday's Washington Post that talks about how  that leads to a 
weakened presidency:
 

 
 
<<Veterans of the Bush White House understand that  problem well. ....“A 
close election is a polarizing event, and a discrepancy  between the popular 
outcome and the electoral vote only adds to the  polarization,” said Karen 
Hughes, who served as a counselor to Bush.  “It rubs a raw nerve even rawer.” 
 >>

 

 
3. We would never have this year's utterly bizarre  reality of well over 
90% of campaign resources and attention devoted to less  than 20% of states 
and ALL of it devoted to states representing less than a  third of Americans. 
Ohio has had more ads and campaign visits than the  smallest 29 states, 
underscoring how anyone who says the current system  helps small states just 
isn't paying attention.
 

 
4. There would be less likelihood of a disputed outcome  that could not be 
resolved by the meeting of the electors. The current  system magnifies the 
impact of very small margins in swing states, creating  all kind of 
opportunities for voter fraud and polarizing fingerpointing both  before and after 
elections. As one example, numbers guru Nate Silver of  FiveThirtyEight.com 
argues that there is a 50% chance that the  candidate who wins Ohio  will win 
the presidency We know that Ohio  could come down to a very small margin -- 
one that if extremely close, will  not be resolved in a way that the losers 
will accept by the time the  electors will meet.
 

 
The odds of the national popular vote margin being within  a recount range 
is much less. Our study of statewide recounts from 2000 to  2009 has 
relevant findings about just how little vote percentages change in  recounts -- 
enough to potentially affect the presidency if the White House  hinges on one 
swing state like Ohio, perhaps, but extremely unlikely in the  event of a 
national popular vote: _http://www.fairvote.org/recounts_ 
(http://www.fairvote.org/recounts) 
 

 
- Rob Richie, FairVote

 
 
 
 
On Sun, Oct 28, 2012 at 1:24 PM, Gaddie, Ronald K. <_rkgaddie at ou.edu_ 
(mailto:rkgaddie at ou.edu) > wrote: 
For what it is worth, there are many people who joined  this list more 
recently than 18 months ago. And, there is a certain  dismissive quality to 
saying 'oh, we did that already,' when the goal of the  list is to inform and 
educate.

We have engaged massive, ongoing  threads about aspects of section 2, 
section 5, early voting, voter  identification, and aspects of campaign finance 
that are repetitive to  previous experience and discussions.

Perhaps there is room to allow  this discussion to go forward? 
 


Ronald Keith Gaddie, Ph.D.
Professor of  Political Science
Editor, Social Science Quarterly
The University of  Oklahoma
455 West Lindsey Street, Room 222
Norman, OK  73019-2001
Phone _405-325-4989_ (tel:405-325-4989) 
Fax _405-325-0718_ (tel:405-325-0718) 
E-mail: _rkgaddie at ou.edu_ (mailto:rkgaddie at ou.edu) 
_http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/G/Ronald.K.Gaddie-1_ 
(http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/G/Ronald.K.Gaddie-1) 
_http://socialsciencequarterly.org_ (http://socialsciencequarterly.org/) 

________________________________________
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)  
[_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ] on behalf  
of _sean at impactpolicymanagement.com_ 
(mailto:sean at impactpolicymanagement.com)  [_sean at impactpolicymanagement.com_ 
(mailto:sean at impactpolicymanagement.com) ]
Sent: Sunday, October  28, 2012 12:01 PM
To: Scarberry, Mark; _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ; _law-election at uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election at uci.edu)  
 
 
Subject: Re: [EL] National Popular Vote Interstate  Compact

I generally share Mark's thoughts on this, and indeed there  seems little 
reason to re-hash the past arguments on both sides. One thing  that should be 
pointed out however is that pretty much everyone on this list  has in 
recent years been stunned/surprised/ dismayed by how SCOTUS has ruled  on some 
aspect of election law (not to mention other areas of law) that they  were 
sure would go the other way. Thus I don't think either side can/should  place 
too much confidence in how SCOTUS might ultimately rule on the myriad  issues 
related to NPV. In my book that counts as reason enough to not  venture 
down that path (I have little interest in seeing the mega-sequel to  Bush v. 
Gore), but others may have a greater zest for adventure in this  area.

Best,

Sean Parnell

Sent from my Verizon Wireless  BlackBerry

-----Original Message-----
From: "Scarberry, Mark"  <_Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu_ 
(mailto:Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu) >
Sender: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) 
Date:  Sun, 28 Oct 2012 08:51:08
To: _law-election at uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election at uci.edu) 
<_law-election at uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election at uci.edu) >
Subject: Re: [EL] National  Popular Vote Interstate Compact

We had a long discussion of the NPVIC  on this list a year or so ago. It's 
probably available in the archives. Dan  Lowenstein and I pointed out that 
Art. II requires that the "state" appoint  the electors, and that a choice by 
the national popular vote is in no sense  an appointment by the "state." 
The analysis in McPherson v. Blacker (1892)  depends in very substantial part 
on this exact point -- it was essentially  the question presented -- and 
McPherson is binding on courts other than the  Supreme Court. A constitutional 
scholar for whom I have great respect  suggested strongly to me that this 
analysis is mistaken, and at some point I  will take the time to review it 
again carefully, but at this point I think  it is correct.

On the Congressional approval point, my colleague  Derek Muller has done 
excellent work.

It seems to me that if anything  is a compact requiring congressional 
approval, the NPVIC would be. But then  it is not appropriate for states and 
congress acting together to change the  way the President is chosen for the 
entire nation, given that such joint  action for nationwide purposes is provided 
for by Article V.

The  NPVIC also undercuts the Great Compromise which was necessary to 
creation of  the Constitution, by in effect changing the balance of power in 
choice of  the President so that it does not reflect the two electoral votes 
that each  state is to have as a result of simply being a state.

We hashed this  all out at great length before on this list, as I noted. I 
don't have time  now to rehash it; if anyone is interested in my views, 
check the  archive.

Best,
Mark


-----Original Message-----
From:  _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)  
[mailto:_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ] On 
Behalf  Of Tara Ross
Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2012 8:30 AM
To: Gaddie, Ronald  K.; Lillie Coney; _law-election at uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election at uci.edu) 
Subject: Re: [EL] National Popular  Vote Interstate Compact

You forgot Article V:

The Congress,  whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, 
shall propose  Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of 
the Legislatures  of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention 
for proposing  Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all 
Intents and  Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the 
Legislatures of  three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three 
fourths  thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be 
proposed by the  Congress . . .
.



-----Original Message-----
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) 
[mailto:_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ] On Behalf  Of Gaddie, Ronald K.
Sent: Sunday, October 28, 2012 5:53 AM
To: Lillie  Coney; 'law-election at UCI.edu'(_law-election at uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election at uci.edu) )
Subject: Re: [EL] National  Popular Vote Interstate Compact

"Each State shall appoint, in such  Manner as the Legislature thereof may 
direct, a Number of Electors, equal to  the whole Number of Senators and 
Representatives to which the State may be  entitled in the Congress: but no 
Senator or Representative, or Person  holding an Office of Trust or Profit under 
the United States, shall be  appointed an Elector." Article II, Sec. 1, 
clause 2.

Then Article I,  sec. 10, in the Compact Clause, that "No State shall, 
without the Consent of  Congress . . . enter into any Agreement or Compact with 
another  State"

I leave it to the Constitutional scholars to hash this one  out, but as to 
method, it seems that playing poker and a vigorous round of  
rock-papers-scissors are on the table as selection methods if states should  so chuse. The 
phrases 'rational' and 'popular' appear in no particular  proximity to these 
clauses.

Best,
~kg


Ronald Keith  Gaddie, Ph.D.
Professor of Political Science
Editor, Social Science  Quarterly
The University of Oklahoma
455 West Lindsey Street, Room  222
Norman, OK  73019-2001
Phone _405-325-4989_ (tel:405-325-4989) 
Fax _405-325-0718_ (tel:405-325-0718) 
E-mail: _rkgaddie at ou.edu_ (mailto:rkgaddie at ou.edu) 
_http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/G/Ronald.K.Gaddie-1_ 
(http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/G/Ronald.K.Gaddie-1) 
_http://socialsciencequarterly.org_ (http://socialsciencequarterly.org/) 

________________________________________
From:  _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) 
[_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ] on behalf  of Lillie Coney 
[_coney at lillieconey.net_ (mailto:coney at lillieconey.net) ]
Sent: Saturday, October 27, 2012  9:34 PM
To: 'law-election at UCI.edu' (_law-election at uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election at uci.edu) )
Subject: [EL] National Popular  Vote Interstate Compact

This idea gained popular debate status after  the very close outcome of the 
2000 Election. It is worth thinking about the  real implications if it were 
in place for a future election.

_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Popular_Vote_Interstate_Compact_ 
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Popular_Vote_Interstate_Compact) 

I  have my doubts about it when this was proposed and after watching this  
election year--it would further complicate what will be a hard fought  
election to the very last vote.

Would it be Constitutional without an  Amendment?
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