[EL] Rousseau and McCutcheon
JBoppjr at aol.com
JBoppjr at aol.com
Tue Apr 8 06:20:58 PDT 2014
The facts just do not support the idea that our current political system
favors the rich generally:
Whatever donors’ influence, government isn’t the preserve of the wealthy
or business interests. Most federal spending goes to the poor and the
middle class (_70 percent in 2014 are “payments for individuals,”_
(http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals) says the Office of Management and
Budget, for Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps and other
programs), and most taxes are paid by the richest 10 percent (_53 percent of all
federal taxes in 2010_ (http://www.cbo.gov/publication/44604) , says the
Congressional Budget Office). Most regulations target businesses. Sure,
business groups and the rich sometimes secure favorable regulations, tax breaks
and subsidies. But their triumphs are a small part of the picture.
_Click here: Robert J. Samuelson: In politics, money is speech - The
Washington Post_
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/robert-j-samuelson-in-politics-money-is-speech/2014/04/04/075df4ec-bc18-11e3-9a05-c739f29ccb08_story
.html?hpid=z5)
I understand that not every favored liberal program has not yet been
adopted but generally the wealthiest are really already paying most of the
freight. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/8/2014 12:42:05 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
mpoweru4 at gmail.com writes:
These kinds of abstractions, glittering generalities, and apples to
oranges comparisons don't illuminate much.
Compare the circumstances of Millie, who has $2M in assets, of which $1M
is wrapped up in a closely held paving firm, with Billy, who has $2B in
assets with $1B wrapped up in a closely held paving firm. The only real
difference in the interests of these firms is that Millie's business paves mostly
driveways, parking lots, and roads in small subdivisions, while Billy's
business is involved with paving major city and county roads and highways.
Normally, they can expect their respective companies to achieve a 15% per annum
profit on the value of the companies.
Both of these firms might benefit from improvements in the transportation
infrastructure generally: Billy's business could get contracts, and Millie's
business could see long-term gains from additional or improved roads,
which could create additional housing and business developments, providing
smaller opportunities in local communities.
And the country could benefit as a whole from improving its aging
infrastructure if the best and most urgent of these projects were approved.
But neither of these businesses are likely to put much campaign money
toward the general cause of getting more money to improve the transportation
infrastructure nationwide. Neither one would get a good return for these
"investments" because the costs of the investments would directly hit each of
their bottom lines, while the benefits are diffused among paving businesses
nationwide, and they may not get any of this money at all.
It pays to let George make the donations towards good government here, but
George feels the same way, and so nobody does it.
On the other hand, let us suppose there is a good probability that though
political donations an unneeded, financially wasteful and environmentally
unwise highway project might come through the area, and Billy's firm would
likely get the contract and increase profits to 25% for a few years. It would
make sense for Billy to write campaign checks up to the $3.6 million that
McCutcheon now allows because that kind of money from this single source
could significantly increase the chances that the project would be approved,
and the investment could yield a 5000% return. The lawmakers receiving the
funds would make it their business to know what Billy's firm's interests
are, and would understand -- or could be helped to understand -- that if they
did not help get the particular project approved, those donations would
likely not be forthcoming in future -- no express quid pro quo needed. Billy
is rich enough that he need not organize much to get his way on issues like
this in Congress. His money alone sways things when it comes to such
specific projects. And given the scale of the Federal budget, this boondoggle --
however meaningful to Billy -- would almost certainly go unnoticed by the
voters in the districts of the Congressmen who accept Billy's money.
Millie cannot afford the funds to make federal donations that would make a
difference on this project, or virtually any other specific federal project
that could make a real difference to her business bottom line. She can
only make meaningful donations to one or two Congressmen, not enough to pull
off a boondoggle on this scale. Trying to organize the small scale paving
companies along the prospective path of the unwise highway is difficult for
her because she would face the same "free rider" problems that she would
experience in trying to improve the US transportation infrastructure
generally. George is still uninterested.
So the free rider effect protects the public from bad investments and bad
public policy decisions that are the result of Millie's special interests,
but not so much Billy's interests anymore. Moreover, businesses of Billy's
size are able to get profits and unfair advantages from political
inefficiencies of this sort. Millie cannot. Big business gets unfairly subsidized to
the public detriment, and everything gets put askew.
These are among the significant perverse effects of McCutcheon.
On Mon, Apr 7, 2014 at 4:38 PM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_ (mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com)
> wrote:
Yep, the liberal agenda is just not being adopted fast enough, so we just
need to shut up the voices of the nopposition so that we will have a health
political system. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/7/2014 1:24:21 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_richardwinger at yahoo.com_ (mailto:richardwinger at yahoo.com) writes:
The health of the British political system today seems far, far better
than the health of the U.S. political system. This year in particular,
Congress seems unable to do anything useful. Many judicial vacancies haven't
been filled. Immigration reform is stalled, marijuana policy is stalled, tax
reform is stalled, a coherent campaign finance policy is stalled.
Richard Winger
_415-922-9779_ (tel:415-922-9779) _415-922-9779_ (tel:415-922-9779)
PO Box 470296, San Francisco Ca 94147
____________________________________
From: Bill Maurer <_wmaurer at ij.org_ (mailto:wmaurer at ij.org) >
To: "'_JBoppjr at aol.com_ (mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) '" <_JBoppjr at aol.com_
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) >; "_adam at boninlaw.com_ (mailto:adam at boninlaw.com) "
<_adam at boninlaw.com_ (mailto:adam at boninlaw.com) >;
"_oregon.properties at yahoo.com_ (mailto:oregon.properties at yahoo.com) " <_oregon.properties at yahoo.com_
(mailto:oregon.properties at yahoo.com) >; "_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com) " <_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com) >
Cc: "_law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election at department-lists.uci.edu) " <_law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election at department-lists.uci.edu) >
Sent: Monday, April 7, 2014 10:08 AM
Subject: Re: [EL] Rousseau and McCutcheon
We don’t have to go to Europe in the 1940’s to see that government
control of political finances is not the solution to political alienation and
rule by elites. Italy recently scrapped its system of publicly financed
parties, in large measure because of corruption and the feeling among
middle-class Italians that it was geared towards establishing and reinforcing a
system favoring the rich and connected insiders.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25370808
England has almost entirely publicly funded politics—it doesn’t even
permit independently funded issue advertisements. It too suffers from low
voter turnout, a lack of belief in political efficacy, and a perception that
politics is sclerotic and atrophying.
Moreover, in most of Europe, which features far more control of political
speech and activity than the United States, there has been a rise of
extreme groups outside of the main political parties, ranging from the outright
sinister (Greece’s Golden Dawn) to the also sinister (France’s National
Front) to more moderate parties that nonetheless represent deep alienation
from the ruling establishment (Britain’s UKIP and Italy’s Five Star Movement).
Is all this the result of government control (or, more accurately,
government occupation of huge amounts) of opportunities for peaceful political
activity? Most certainly not. But it does suggest that such control is not
cure for corruption, alienation, extremism, and rule by elites and may, in
fact, exacerbate or even make permanent all of them.
Bill
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)
[mailto:_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ] On
Behalf Of _JBoppjr at aol.com_ (mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com)
Sent: Monday, April 07, 2014 5:08 AM
To: _adam at boninlaw.com_ (mailto:adam at boninlaw.com) ;
_oregon.properties at yahoo.com_ (mailto:oregon.properties at yahoo.com) ; _john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com)
Cc: _law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election at department-lists.uci.edu)
Subject: Re: [EL] Rousseau and McCutcheon
Interesting question but reelection rates are also effected dramatically
by partisan redistricting, as well as other factors, so it is hard to
isolate just campaign finance rules to see it there is a correlation. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/7/2014 7:56:21 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_adam at boninlaw.com_ (mailto:adam at boninlaw.com) writes:
Well, there’s plenty of states (I live in one) without campaign finance
limits for state and local races. What are the incumbency retention rates
for legislators in limits states versus no-limits states?
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)
[mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu] On Behalf Of _JBoppjr at aol.com_ (mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com)
Sent: Monday, April 07, 2014 7:50 AM
To: _oregon.properties at yahoo.com_ (mailto:oregon.properties at yahoo.com) ;
_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_ (mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com)
Cc: _law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_
(mailto:law-election at department-lists.uci.edu)
Subject: Re: [EL] Rousseau and McCutcheon
I think there is good evidence that campaign finance limits, being written
by incumbents, favor incumbents. Thus, the government writes the rules for
campaign speech, and they are the governors.
Sorry, I did not take French, if that is what it is. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/6/2014 10:45:02 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_oregon.properties at yahoo.com_ (mailto:oregon.properties at yahoo.com) writes:
What Jim and Brad are calling for, no limits and no disclosure is an
attack on the ability of "the governed"
Sent from my iPhone
On Apr 6, 2014, at 6:25 PM, John Tanner <_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com) > wrote:
Revenons a nos moutons
Sent from my iPad
On Apr 6, 2014, at 9:22 PM, David Lublin <_dlublin at american.edu_
(mailto:dlublin at american.edu) > wrote:
Geez somehow doesn't seem like the quite right choice of expression here
;)
At serious risk of beating the long-dead horse, there was no other period
where Jews, Catholics, Gypsies, and Communists were targeted in German
history at the same time. Pol Pot was genocidal, which also doesn't fit other
periods in German history.
Even if one accepted your dubious premise, the suggestion that democracies
that regulate campaign finance, like Canada and the UK, are "suppressive"
of the wealthy in the manner of either the
yet-to-be-named-but-definitely-not-Nazi period of German history or Pol Pot is hyperbolic and unworthy of
the arguments for the side you claim to defend.
While I think that the Court's majority, let alone the First Amendment,
deserves a better public defense, I'm sure BCRA's defenders would love to see
you keep making it, as you play right into their hands.
I hope all have a good Sunday night whatever their opinions on McCutcheon.
If any of you felt constrained by the previous limits, please contact me
so I can hit you up if I should run for office again.
Best,
David
On Sun, Apr 6, 2014 at 7:57 PM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) > wrote:
Geeze. Over decades, as you concede, the German govt did target Jews and
Catholics in the name of the German volk -- before Hitler. Just because
Hitler did it too does not make it out of bounds to discuss what the German
govt did before him, as you suggest.
And yes I hid it well because I was not doing it.
So the problem here is that the government is suppressing the freedom of
some -- rich people -- in the name of allowing the "authentic" voice of the
people to be heard. There is a long history of governments doing so,
sometimes with modest measures, like speech restrictions through campaign
finance measures, sometimes not, in order to get their favored policy agenda
implimented.
But the point is that this is just what campaign finance "reformers" are
doing now. Jim
In a message dated 4/6/2014 5:47:20 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_dlublin at american.edu_ (mailto:dlublin at american.edu) writes:
Jim,
You stated that "the German government targeted Jews, gypsies, Catholics
and Communists . . . "? Most minds would tend to go to Nazi Germany headed
by Hitler at that point. It wasn't the Weimar Republic and I don't think
the last period of the German Empire particularly targeted Catholics. Any
earlier and there wouldn't be any Communists to target. The mention of Pol Pot
would seem to be a clue too.
So if you weren't meaning to invoke Hitler and this period, you hid it
well.
In any case, there's a reason that Martin Niemöller's famous quote doesn't
begin with "First, they instituted campaign finance reform and I did not
speak out -- Because I was not a major donor."
Again, dialing it back would be welcome here. If the Supreme Court managed
to make the argument without Rwanda, Nazi Germany, and Cambodia, I am
confident that you can do the same.
David
On Sun, Apr 6, 2014 at 5:31 PM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) > wrote:
Furthermore, I purposefully did not invoke Hitler. (1) I agree that he
was "very distinguished in his field," and (2) the concept of the German
volk, and that Jews were an enemy of the volk, long preceded Hitler's rise to
power, even though he avidly believed it, exploited it for his own
political purposes and took it to extreme's never imagined by its most feverish
supporters before his time. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/6/2014 3:13:50 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_JBoppjr at aol.com_ (mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) writes:
Regarding this:
Oh, and you forgot Rwanda.
Yes, so many examples but so little space. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/6/2014 1:22:26 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_dlublin at american.edu_ (mailto:dlublin at american.edu) writes:
I haven't read all of this debate but it's always good to see _Godwin's
law_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin's_law) proved again.
I remember Prof. Judith Shklar, whose family fled Germany, teaching my
graduate political theory class to avoid comparisons to Hitler because "he
was very distinguished in his field."
Surely, one can make a strong argument against campaign finance reform
without having to go there.
Oh, and you forgot Rwanda.
David
--
David Lublin
Professor of Government
School of Public Affairs
American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave.
Washington, D.C. 20016
http://davidlublin.com/
On Sun, Apr 6, 2014 at 10:08 AM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) > wrote:
One of the side benefits of the McCutcheon case is that it has revealed
what the campaign finance "reformers" are really all about.
First, their goal is the typical liberal agenda. Then they identify those
who they think are opponents to that agenda -- corporations, the "rich.".
Then they support legislation to shut them up.
Of course they dress this up as regulating the system -- the "collective"
voices of the people -- to make sure that the authentic "will of the
people" is heard by suppressing those voices that distort that will -- by
misleading convincing some and drowning out others.
This approach does have its roots deep in our history and is frequently
the justification for tyranny.
The communists suppressed the bourgeoisie in the name of the proletariat.
Pol Pot destroyed the urban dwellers in the name of rural dwellers. The
German government targeted the Jews, gypsies, Catholics and communists as
the enemy of the German volk. All these enemies of the people had to be
silenced to defend the authentic will of the people.
Breyer acknowledges that he is countenancing the violation of the First
Amendment rights of the "rich," but justifies it as ensuring that the
authentic will of the people will be heard through the "collective" speech of the
people. And he lets the government pick the voices to be surpressed.
So Breyer sets it all out clearly, as does mpoweru4 below, obviously
limiting their retribution to be visited on the enemies of the people to
campaign finance limits -- while others in our history were much more willing to
use the full power of government against them.
Their problem is that the First Amendment was adopted to protect the very
speech that Breyer, et al are so willing to violate in the name of the
collective. So they have to pretend that they are the ones writing a First
Amendment -- balance the First Amendment interests involved -- while this
balancing has already been done and the First Amendment already written by
our Founders. And that amendment was written to protect individual freedom
against the efforts of the collective to suppress their speech -- regardless
of whether the government thinks that that speech is helpful to democracy
or not. Jim Bopp
In a message dated 4/6/2014 8:08:56 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_mpoweru4 at gmail.com_ (mailto:mpoweru4 at gmail.com) writes:
To get a sense of the consequences, one might think not only about the
types of players, but the interests they represent. The demise of aggregate
limits plays mightily into the hands not only of rich people in general, but
of rich people who have highly focused interests.
The "general will" if it means anything at all, would correspond to more
generalized interests like protecting the environment, building economic
strength, preventing economic collapse, helping people devastated by weather
emergencies, and maintaining transportation infrastructure.
The very wealthy, operating from self-interest, are not likely to define
their agenda in such general terms. They would likely be focused on very
particularized corresponding interests, eg: resisting EPA jurisdiction over a
certain sector of the energy industry; tax incentives for research and
hedge funds; stopping a requirement for a level of capitalization in banks;
maintaining flood insurance program that will pay to rebuild buildings in
developments under construction too close to a rising ocean; and building a
certain unnecessary road using particular contractors or sources for
asphalt.
The right analyst for this is Prof. Mancur Olsen. He explains how
empowering special interests causes political outcomes not consonant with the
interests of the people in a republic in his "Logic of Collective Action." In
his "Rise and Decline of Nations" he develops a theory of the pernicious
consequences on the republic over time.
On Fri, Apr 4, 2014 at 7:05 PM, John Tanner <_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com) > wrote:
apologies. I was skimming comments on the 2d
On Fri, Apr 4, 2014 at 6:47 PM, Scarberry, Mark
<_Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu_ (mailto:Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu) > wrote:
My 4/2 post (scroll way down to see it) was probably too long for most
list members to wade through. It raised concerns about the reference to
Rousseau, whose pernicious concept of the general will could find a place in an
analysis like Justice Breyer's.
I don't think Breyer meant to suggest it, but one reason to make sure the
voices of the rich don't drown out other voices is so that the people
won't develop "false consciousness." We must be saved by the government from
being persuaded by the loud voices of the rich.
I very much dislike arrogant rich people who think they know better. I
even more distrust a government that wants to protect my ability to think
clearly about what is in my interest and in the public interest.
Mark Scarberry
Pepperdine
Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE Smartphone
-------- Original message --------
From: Benjamin Barr
Date:04/04/2014 3:17 PM (GMT-08:00)
To: John Tanner
Cc: Election law list
Subject: Re: [EL] McCutcheon
John,
This is Breyer's usual three card monte. To collectivize the Bill of
Rights he relied on the writings of Benjamin Constant in his Active Liberty
tome (expanding all the positive "values" implicated by the First Amendment -
none of which seem relevant to the American founding or history of the
First Amendment). This dissent is just a continuation of the same bad theme.
This profound difference in viewing the Bill of Rights as a charter of
"negative" or "positive" liberties is also at root what separates many
reformers from free speech advocates on this listserv and more broadly.
Forward,
Benjamin Barr
Sent by my Android device. Please excuse any typographical errors.
On Apr 4, 2014 6:06 PM, "John Tanner" <_john.k.tanner at gmail.com_
(mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com) > wrote:
Not to change the subject, but I'm surprised that no one has remarked on
the dissent's invocation of Rousseau's Social Contract, which was far more
influential on the French Revolution (and particularly the thought of St
Just and Robespierre) than the American, where the strong preference for
Locke and Montesquieu has pointed in a different direction. It seems odd,
off-key and, wandering well away from the subject, I wonder if it prompted
the counter-invocation of Burke - and the brandishing of the dissent's
impolitic choice of the word, "collective."
On Thu, Apr 3, 2014 at 8:49 AM, Tyler Culberson
<_tylerculberson at gmail.com_ (mailto:tylerculberson at gmail.com) > wrote:
These figures derived from a Bob Biersack piece at OpenSecrets:
https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2013/09/mccutcheons-multiplying-effect-why.html
On Thu, Apr 3, 2014 at 8:45 AM, Tyler Culberson
<_tylerculberson at gmail.com_ (mailto:tylerculberson at gmail.com) > wrote:
Doug,
>From Commissioners Ravel and Weintraub's statement yesterday, "In fact,
only 646 donors reached the biennial limit during the 2012 cycle."
On Wed, Apr 2, 2014 at 7:24 PM, Scarberry, Mark
<_Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu_ (mailto:Mark.Scarberry at pepperdine.edu) > wrote:
Can we distinguish between two “anti-corruption” interests that could be
seen as being addressed by the dissent in McCutcheon?
The first is the interest in keeping lines of communication open between
ordinary people and their elected representatives, so as to make
representative government responsive to the people *between elections*. High levels
of donations cause representatives to listen only (or mostly) to the rich
donors, breaking the link between ordinary people and their
representatives. The voice of the ordinary person is drowned out by the voice of the rich
donor, because the representative will listen only (or mostly) to the
voice of the rich donor. With a reference to Rousseau (which one hopes does
not incorporate his concept of the “general will”), the dissent treats the
breaking of that link as a form of corruption.
The second is the interest in the formation of the views of the people;
the formation of those views may be corrupted if too much money is spent by
rich people to help form those views or to finance the formation of such
views. Here we run dangerously close to the concept of the “general will,”
a true will of the people that somehow is different from what they really
think, because their thinking has been warped by the spending of so much
money by the rich (perhaps creating a “false consciousness”). The spending
of huge amounts of money by the rich in furthering their own views drowns
out the voices of the ordinary people, as both the rich speaker and the
ordinary speaker try to convey their views to the people and to persuade the
people.
Is it clear that the dissent only sees the first of those interests as an
“anti-corruption” interest that justifies campaign finance regulation?
(At first I wasn’t sure, especially given the “drowning out” imagery, but a
more careful reading leads me to this conclusion.)
Is it also clear that the first interest has nothing to do with which
person is elected, but rather with who the elected person will listen to once
elected? Thus it has nothing to do with any desire to level the playing
field for the election, right? Instead it has to do with the actions that
will be taken by the person once elected, which makes it similar to a concern
about quid pro quo corruption.
My apologies if I’m asking the list to reinvent the wheel.
Mark
Mark S. Scarberry
Professor of Law
Pepperdine Univ. School of Law
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School of Public Affairs
American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave.
Washington, D.C. 20016
http://davidlublin.com/
--
David Lublin
Professor of Government
School of Public Affairs
American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave.
Washington, D.C. 20016
http://davidlublin.com/
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