[EL] Money as speech

JBoppjr at aol.com JBoppjr at aol.com
Fri Sep 26 07:40:35 PDT 2014


Regarding your citation to our appellate brief in FEC v. Maine  Right to 
Life Committee, you claim that I believe, and have said  there, that literally 
"money is speech," which is what you have repeatedly  claimed is our 
position.  Your quote from the brief is  "The Court  further recognized that, in 
today's society, “money is speech,” i.e., that  effectively communicating a 
political message is virtually impossible without  the expenditure of money."
 
It is time for some English lesions.  
 
First, you will note that there are quotations marks around "money is  
speech." You may not be aware that one "uses(s) quotation marks to denote  
so-called or to show that a word is not being used in its literal sense,"  
_Click  here: Quotation marks meaning alleged or so-called_ 
(http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/quotation_(speech)_marks_meaning_alleged_so-called.h
tm)  ,
 like when I use quotation marks around "reformers." So I was not  saying 
that literally money is speech -- which is your  mischaracterization of our 
position.
 
Second, you fail to quote the entire sentence:  We said in our  brief that; 
    The Court further recognized that, in today's  society, “money is 
speech,” i.e., that effectively communicating
a political  message is virtually impossible without the expenditure of 
money:
A  restriction on the amount of money a person or group can spend on 
political  communication during a
campaign necessarily reduces the quantity of  expression by restricting the 
number of issues discussed, the
depth of their  exploration, and the size of the audience reached. This is 
because virtually  every means of
communicating ideas in today's mass society requires the  expenditure of 
money.
424 U.S. at 19. Therefore, “[t]he expenditure  limitations contained in the 
Act represent substantial rather than merely  theoretical
restraints on the quantity and diversity of political speech.”  424 U.S. at 
19.
 
You will note the use of "i.e." immediately after the phrase "money is  
speech". "The term 'ie' is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase 'id est,' which 
 means "which is to say," "that is," or "in other words.""  
_Click  here: What does 'ie' mean_ 
(http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_'ie'_mean)   So after the i.e. we  explained what we mean by "the so-called" 
phrase "money is  speech."

 
And of course this sentence says exactly what I have said is our  position, 
that "If you limit the money that can be spent on speech, you limit  the 
speech itself. That is because it takes money to communicate"  Only the  
willfully blind would fail to see this.
 
Fourth. no, I have not read your book and I have zero interest in doing  
so.  You have made clear your position that we are not being "honest" by  
refusing to accept your misrepresentation of our position.  I have no  interest 
in seeing that argument repeated ad nauseam, after it has been repeated  a 
half dozen times in this thread alone.
 
Fifth, I still feel warranted in responding to the arguments you have made  
at length in this tread, even though I have not read your book.  You have  
no hesitation in mischaracterizing my position, even though I am confident 
that  you have not read the 17 law review articles I have publish on campaign 
finance  or the approximately 400 briefs I have filed in campaign finance 
litigation. (I  don't claim to have written all of these: I have very able 
associates who take  the lead on that, but they do so under my supervision, 
often with my editing  assistance and occasionally with my substantial 
drafting.)
 
Well, the fun has to end sometime and, since I don't get paid unless I do  
work, that time has come.  Jim Bopp
 
 
In a message dated 9/25/2014 8:39:13 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,  
dschultz at hamline.edu writes:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mr Bopp:

Either your memory is failing you or you are being less  than candid in you 
assertion that:  "For  instance, "money is speech,"  I have never said 
that, I have never heard  any pro-First Amendment advocate say that and the 
Court has never said  that."


I draw your  attention to your appellate brief  1996 WL 33659140 (C.A.1)   
in  FEC v Maine Right to Life Committee (your are listed as the lead  
attorney) where you not only argue that money is speech but you declare that  the 
Court in Buckley as saying:  "The Court further recognized that, in  today's 
society, “money is speech,” i.e., that effectively communicating a  
political message is virtually impossible without the expenditure of  money."  
Anyone who reads this brief, both in it explicit words and in  its arguments 
will see it as you declaring (and characterizing the Court as  saying) that 
money is speech.


Is it now your position that you no longer argue that money is  speech?  
Have you repudiated your 1996 position or have you now changed  your minded 
regarding how you would characterize the Court's opinion on money  and speech 
in Buckley?  If you are willing to say that money is not  identical to 
speech then that must mean there are times when the use of money  for political 
purposes is not protected by the First Amendment?  Can you  tell me when 
those situations are?


Additionally, even if us "reformers" do concede and agree with you  that 
money is speech my position is different from you. To use your new  metaphor, 
one person using a megaphone has far more speech than everyone else  
speaking if they do not have megaphones.  You seem to live in a world  where you 
think everyone has an absolutist right to free speech by the ability  to 
expend or contribute unlimited amounts of money.  The reality is only  only 
person can have an absolute ability to speak--every speaker implicitly  limits 
another. Real conversations occur not when everyone shouts but everyone  
pauses, listens, or respects the rights of others to speak to.  John  Rawls well 
said that a just society is one where everyone is entitled to the  maximum 
amount of liberty consistent with like liberty for all.  To say  some have 
more liberty than others  certainly does not mean everyone has  an absolute 
First Amendment right to speak.


Among the many flaws in your position is  you  have an advocacy position 
that privileges one  voice or set of voices and  not a position that 
understands how money and its use fit into a broader  theory of democracy.  I try to 
examine that in my book and argue how we  must look at money and speech and 
how both fit into a richer theory of  democracy.  


Thus,  before you accuse us "reformers" of sins, first be honest to your 
position and  what you have argued or said in the past.  Second, go read my 
book and my  arguments before you characterize my position.


Thank you.


On Wed, Sep 24, 2014 at 7:09 AM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_ 
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) > wrote:


For instance, "money is speech,"  I have never said that, I have  never 
heard any pro-First Amendment advocate say that and the Court has  never said 
that.  I doubt that can  quote one pro-First Amendment  advocate that has 
ever said that.  This is a canard and a straw man  that the "reformers" use to 
mischaracterize and discredit our  position.
 
The point we make is simple, and the Court has repeatedly made it. If  you 
limit the money that can be spent on speech, you limit the speech  itself.  
That is because it takes money to communicate beyond those who  you can 
reach with your own voice. Let's say a megaphone.  If  it did not take money to 
communicate beyond the reach of your own voice,  then limiting what you 
spend on it would not limit speech. Very simple I  think.
 
So now that this has been clarified again, I am sure that you and other  
"reformers" will stop saying that this is our position.  LOL  Jim  Bopp
 
PS No "reformer" has yet answered my specific questions about "dark  
money," ie does it include federal IEs and ECs, etc?  I guess it is  transparency 
and accountability for others but not for you.
 
 
In a message dated 9/23/2014 6:17:11 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, 
_dschultz at hamline.edu_ (mailto:dschultz at hamline.edu)  writes:

So Mr Bopp, tell us what you are saying and why you are using  these 
metaphors or analogies?


On Tue, Sep 23, 2014 at 5:13 PM, <_JBoppjr at aol.com_ 
(mailto:JBoppjr at aol.com) > wrote:


Regarding:
 
I only wish the world were so simply that saying money is  speech, 
democracy is a marketplace of ideas, or corporations are persons  entitled to free 
speech wold resolve things.
 
I think the problem here is "reformers" creating straw men,  pretending 
that this is the position of First Amendment advocates, and  then having fun 
attacking them. If "reformers" cannot be honest  about what their opposition 
is really saying, then it is not our  problem, but yours.  Jim Bopp
 
 
In a message dated 9/23/2014 5:09:07 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, 
_dschultz at hamline.edu_ (mailto:dschultz at hamline.edu)  writes:

Howard's query and the responses to it speak to an even  more interesting 
issue--how so much of the election law or campaign  finance debate rests upon 
simplistic and inapt analogies and  metaphors.   Money as speech, analogies 
in BUCKLEY to gas tanks  and cars or megaphones or soundtrucks, parties as 
filters for special  interests.   I would even argue that economic market 
metaphors  for how we describe democracy are often  counterproductive.  I 
could go on.  Lawyering in part  is about drawing analogies but when we become 
trapped by them we make  bad law and reach foolish conclusions.  Perhaps we 
need to start  by recognizing that money is money and constitutionally 
protected  speech is constitutionally protected speech and then ask whether the  
former should be recognized as the latter.  Remember in Buckley  the Court 
never ruled that money is speech only that it bore some  speech-like 
properties that implicated First Amendment concerns. I now  see too many advocates 
trapped by their analogy that money is speech  and fail to ask if there are 
fundamental differences between how money  operates in a economic market 
versus what should be the allocative  criteria for power in a democracy.  Money 
may or may not have a  place in democracy or it may have a different role in 
politics than it  does in buying coffee at Starbucks.  


I am now afraid that the new debate--corporations as  persons or not--is 
about to become a new analogy that will become  simplified and obscure debate. 
Roland's recent post on CU, persons,  and speech is an example of that.  My 
point of posting my  Constitution Day lecture lecture last night was for 
people to  understand two things.  First, debates over who or what is  a 
person or property go back to the the 1787 constitutional  debates.  Second, 
simply saying something is a person does not  resolve the debate over what 
rights are afforded.  Children are  persons but do not share the same rights as 
adults, for example.   If one were to line all all the possible entities or 
beings that could  be deemed persons and then think about all the possible 
forms of civic  activities or forms of civil engagement that are possible, we 
would  find that some persons can do some activities but not others.  By  
that, even if corporations are people should they be allowed to  vote?  
Conversely, even if a political party cannot vote does  that mean it should not be 
able to speak?  Simplistic metaphors  or analogies that take on an 
all-or-nothing aspect blur these  issues.


I only wish the world were so simply that saying money is speech,  
democracy is a marketplace of ideas, or corporations are persons  entitled to free 
speech wold resolve things.  Such statements as  Dan Lowenstein suggest, only 
make things more obscure.  I sound  like a broken record by now but I try 
to talk about these issues in my  book ELECTION LAW AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY.  
We really need to  approach questions about money in politics from a more 
holistic,  theoretical, thoughtful, and even empirical point of view.  I  hope 
this listserv is more than a simply place of advocacy that rises  about the 
banal world of pop culture which demonstrates what is wrong  when we get 
trapped by our analogies and metaphors.


On Tue, Sep 23, 2014 at 11:24 AM, Paul Sherman  <_psherman at ij.org_ 
(mailto:psherman at ij.org) > wrote:


 
Howard, 
These  aren’t simple-minded questions; you’ve pointed out widely used  
analogies in campaign-finance debates, and they merit a serious  response.  So 
here goes: 
There  are two questions here:  Why is money speech?  And why  isn’t money 
merely volume?   
As  to the first question, the argument for why the First Amendment is  
implicated when government restricts spending on political speech  has been 
covered in lots of places, so for more on that, I’ll just  direct you to this 
blog post by Eugene Volokh, which I would have  just ended up paraphrasing 
anyways: http://www.volokh.com/2010/01/24/money-and-speech-2/. 
As  to the second question, the analogy of money to a sound system fails  
because it conflates two different meanings of the word “volume.”  Volume 
can mean the quantity or power of sound, or it can mean  a quantity or amount 
of something else.  These different  meanings matter.  If you’re on a public 
street and someone is  using a bull horn at high volume, it may make it 
physically  impossible to hear other messages.  But if you’re on a public  
street and someone is engaged in a “high volume” of handbilling,  there’s no 
problem, because handbilling—even a lot of it—doesn’t  prevent you from 
discerning other messages.  Similarly, a high  volume of television ads doesn’t 
actually prevent you from hearing  other television ads, because television 
ads run sequentially, not  simultaneously.  (There are lots of other relevant 
distinctions  between publicly owned physical spaces and privately owned  
communications media that make the broader “drowning out” analogy  either 
unpersuasive or constitutionally problematic, but these few  are sufficient to 
convey my point.)  
To  be sure, volume in the sense of amount makes a big difference in  
political debates.  A message heard or read multiple times is  likely to be more 
persuasive than a message heard or read only  once.  But as a general matter 
we don’t allow (or trust) the  government to regulate speech for the 
purpose of ensuring that  speakers are not unduly persuasive.  Instead, we let 
speakers  decide for themselves how much of their own money they want to spend  
on peaceful political expression, and we trust the public to decide  for 
itself whether that expression is persuasive.    
Best, 
Paul 
--------------------------- 
Paul  M. Sherman 
Senior  Attorney 
Institute  for Justice 
901  N. Glebe Rd., Suite 900 
Arlington,  VA 22203 
Phone:  _(703)  682-9320_ (tel:(703)%20682-9320)  
Fax:  _(703)  682-9321_ (tel:(703)%20682-9321)  
_psherman at ij.org_ (mailto:psherman at ij.org)  
From: _law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu)   
[mailto:_law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu_ (mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu) ]  On 
Behalf Of _demesqnyc at aol.com_ (mailto:demesqnyc at aol.com) 
Sent: Tuesday,  September 23, 2014 9:57 AM
To: _law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:law-election at department-lists.uci.edu) 
Subject:  [EL] Money as speech 
I  have what is probably a simple and simple minded question for the  
assembled delegation: Why is money speech?  It seems to me  money is not speech, 
it is volume.  We would not allow the  person with the largest sound system 
to drown out all others, we  would regulate the volume at which they 
communicate.     
 

 
Why  is money different.  It does not convey any message in and of  itself, 
it simply amplifies the speech you choose to make.  It  is not only 
acceptable, but expected, that we will not allow  unlimited noise, on our streets 
or in our debates, why is money more  sacrosanct than the maximum ability of 
my vocal cords and  diaphragm? 
 

 
Howard  Leib
 
  
____________________________________
 

_Spam_ 
(https://antispam.roaringpenguin.com/canit/b.php?i=04MSBVkjH&m=814d1328b87d&t=20140923&c=s) 
_Not spam_ 
(https://antispam.roaringpenguin.com/canit/b.php?i=04MSBVkjH&m=814d1328b87d&t=20140923&c=n) 
_Forget previous  vote_ 
(https://antispam.roaringpenguin.com/canit/b.php?i=04MSBVkjH&m=814d1328b87d&t=20140923&c=f) 



_______________________________________________
Law-election  mailing list
_Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu) 
http://department-lists.uci.edu/mailman/listinfo/law-election






-- 

David Schultz, Professor
Editor, Journal of Public Affairs  Education (JPAE)
Hamline University
Department of Political  Science

1536 Hewitt Ave
MS B 1805
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
_651.523.2858_ (tel:651.523.2858)  (voice)
_651.523.3170_ (tel:651.523.3170)  (fax)
http://davidschultz.efoliomn.com/
http://works.bepress.com/david_schultz/
http://schultzstake.blogspot.com/
Twitter:   @ProfDSchultz
My latest book:  Election Law and Democratic  Theory, Ashgate Publishing
http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780754675433
FacultyRow  SuperProfessor, 2012, 2013,  2014





_______________________________________________
Law-election  mailing list
_Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu_ 
(mailto:Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu) 
http://department-lists.uci.edu/mailman/listinfo/law-election







-- 

David Schultz, Professor
Editor, Journal of Public Affairs  Education (JPAE)
Hamline University
Department of Political  Science

1536 Hewitt Ave
MS B 1805
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
_651.523.2858_ (tel:651.523.2858)  (voice)
_651.523.3170_ (tel:651.523.3170)  (fax)
http://davidschultz.efoliomn.com/
http://works.bepress.com/david_schultz/
http://schultzstake.blogspot.com/
Twitter:   @ProfDSchultz
My latest book:  Election Law and Democratic Theory,  Ashgate Publishing
http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780754675433
FacultyRow  SuperProfessor, 2012, 2013,  2014











-- 

David Schultz, Professor
Editor, Journal of Public Affairs Education  (JPAE)
Hamline University
Department of Political Science

1536  Hewitt Ave
MS B 1805
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
651.523.2858  (voice)
651.523.3170 (fax)
http://davidschultz.efoliomn.com/
http://works.bepress.com/david_schultz/
http://schultzstake.blogspot.com/
Twitter:   @ProfDSchultz
My latest book:  Election Law and Democratic Theory,  Ashgate Publishing
http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9780754675433
FacultyRow  SuperProfessor, 2012, 2013,  2014




-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://webshare.law.ucla.edu/Listservs/law-election/attachments/20140926/20398ee1/attachment.html>


View list directory