[EL] ELB News and Commentary 7/10/15

Rick Hasen rhasen at law.uci.edu
Fri Jul 10 08:25:37 PDT 2015


    “Florida Court Rules Eight Congressional Districts Must Be Redrawn”
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74223>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 8:23 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74223>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

NPR reports. 
<http://www.npr.org/2015/07/10/421684403/florida-court-rules-eight-congressional-districts-must-be-redrawn>

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>


    “What’s At Stake In The Trial Over North Carolina Voting
    Restrictions” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74221>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:48 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74221>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Samantha Lachman 
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/07/10/north-carolina-voting-trial_n_7754876.html>for 
HuffPo.

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Posted inelection administration 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,The Voting Wars 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>


    “Consensus Reached on Recommendations Toward the Future of Internet
    Voting” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74219>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:48 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74219>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Press release <https://www.usvotefoundation.org/news/E2E-VIV-press>:

    Today’s release ofThe Future of Voting: End-to-End Verifiable
    Internet Voting Specification and Feasibility Assessment Study
    <https://www.usvotefoundation.org/e2e-viv/summary> by U.S. Vote
    Foundation establishes a new reference for the security, usability
    and transparency requirements essential to the U.S. in any
    consideration of Internet voting for public elections.

    Developed by a team of the nation’s leading experts in election
    integrity, election administration, high-assurance systems
    engineering, and cryptography, the report starts from the premise
    that public elections in the U.S. are a matter of national security.
    The authors assert that Internet voting systems must be transparent
    and designed to run in a manner that embraces the constructs of
    end-to-end verifiability – a property missing from existing Internet
    voting systems.

    An end-to-end verifiable (E2E-V) voting system allows voters to 1)
    check that the system recorded their votes correctly; 2) check that
    the system included their votes in the final tally; 3) count the
    recorded votes and double-check the announced outcome of the
    election.  An Internet voting system that is end-to-end verifiable
    is an E2E-VIV system. The new set of system specifications that
    could eventually lead to a model E2E-VIV system includes an ideal
    cryptographic foundation, security, audit, and usability
    considerations, as well as technical approaches to the system
    architecture.

    As election technology evolves and more states evaluate Internet
    voting, caution on compromises to integrity and security is
    warranted, and according to the report, should be particularly
    avoided by the  premature deployment of Internet voting. The report
    aims to list the security challenges that exist with Internet voting
    and emphasizes that research should continue as the threat landscape
    continues to shift. Existing proprietary systems that meet only a
    subset of the requirements cannot be considered secure enough for
    use in the U.S.

    **Key recommendations in the report to make Internet voting more
    secure and transparent include**:

 1.

        **Any public elections conducted over the Internet must be
        end-to-end verifiable **– The report asserts that the use of
        Internet voting systems without end-to-end verifiability is
        irresponsible, and E2E-V is the only publicly available
        technology that provides assurance an Internet voting system is
        secure and transparent.

 2.

        **End-to-End Verifiable systems must be in-person and supervised
        first **– It is critical to first enhance the security of
        in-person voting systems with E2E-V, and learn from its
        deployment, before assuming the more complex task of deploying
        E2E-VIV systems.

 3.

        **End-to-End Verifiable Internet Voting systems must be high
        assurance**– E2E-VIV systems must be designed, constructed,
        verified, certified, operated and supported according to the
        most rigorous engineering requirements of mission- and
        safety-critical systems. A voting system vulnerable to privacy
        violations, programming errors, and security issues will
        undermine the trust of the electorate and validity of the results.

 4.

        **End-to-End Verifiable Internet Voting systems must be usable
        and accessible to all voters**– E2E-VIV systems must ensure
        usability and accessibility for all voters including those with
        disabilities.

 5.

        **Maintain aggressive election R&D efforts**– Formidable
        challenges in usability, reliability and security remain for the
        development of E2E-VIV systems and will require continued
        investment in peer-reviewed research and development to overcome.

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Posted inelection administration 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,internet voting 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=49>,voting technology 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=40>


    “Change Ahead? ElectionlineWeekly On How California Voters, Election
    Officials View ‘Ballot Delivery'” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74217>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:42 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74217>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

A ChapinBlog. 
<http://editions.lib.umn.edu/electionacademy/2015/07/10/change-ahead-electionlineweekly-on-how-california-voters-election-officials-view-ballot-delivery/>

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Posted inabsentee ballots <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=53>,election 
administration <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>


    Rep. Brown Likely to Sue Over FL Redistricting
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74215>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:41 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74215>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Marc Caputo 
<http://www.politico.com/floridaplaybook/0715/floridaplaybook19076.html>in 
Florida Playbook:

    —*Rep. Corrine Brown will likely sue*, arguing a newly drawn seat
    could disenfranchise minorities entitled to Voting Rights Act
    protections. The ironies and deal-cutting complexities of
    redistricting are summed up in the appearance and drafting of her
    Jacksonville-to-Orlando seat. It’s designed to snake and slalom to
    scoop up black voters (good for the black Democrat) and thereby
    “bleach” the other bordering districts (good for the white
    Republican districts that surround hers).

As I toldthe NY Times 
<http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/us/florida-court-finds-politics-determined-district-lines.html?_r=0>:

    “If they don’t take minority interests enough into account, it could
    violate theVoting Rights Act
    <http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/v/voting_rights_act_1965/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier>,
    and if they pack minority voters into too few districts, it could
    create an unconstitutional racial gerrymander,” he said, referring
    to pending cases making that claim in Virginia and North Carolina.

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>,Voting Rights 
Act <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=15>


    “California Pours Big Bucks into Federal Campaigns — Mostly From
    Wealthy Cities” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74213>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:38 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74213>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

KQED’s California Reportreports 
<http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/10/richest-CA-ZIP-codes-dominate-campaign-contributions>:

    California donors poured $768 million into Senate, House and
    presidential races between 2007 and the end of 2014 — money that
    largely flowed from wealthy cities in Los Angeles County and the Bay
    Area.

    An analysis of federal campaign finance data byMapLight.org
    <http://maplight.org/>found that residents of California’s most
    famous ZIP code  — 90210 — gave the most money, $12.8 million, over
    the eight-year period. Aside from the Bay Area and LA County’s
    dominance of the top 20 most generous ZIP codes, Sacramento and
    Newport Beach were also in the mix.

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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>


    FL Redistricting Roundup <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74211>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:34 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74211>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

How Appealing 
<http://howappealing.abovethelaw.com/071015.html#062891>has it.

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>


    “Freedom is winning the battle over money in politics: Should anyone
    celebrate?” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74209>

Posted onJuly 10, 2015 7:31 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74209>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Brad Smith responds 
<http://www.campaignfreedom.org/2015/07/09/freedom-is-winning-the-battle-over-money-in-politics-should-anyone-celebrate/>to 
Paul Waldman:

    An ongoing problem with “reform” advocacy over the decades has been
    the lack of interest in results. The advocates of all this
    regulation tend to measure “good government” by the presence of
    regulation, rather than by improving living standards, greater
    freedom, school performance, respect for civil liberties, or other
    substantive criteria. Thus they hold out as an indicia of the
    “success” of government financed elections that most candidates take
    the free money rather than work under the regulatory handicaps that
    exist if they do not; they cite lower spending as being itself
    evidence of better government, even as states with lower spending
    lag economically; they ignore the fact that passage of campaign
    finance regulation never seems to actually boost public confidence
    in government, and in fact more often corresponds with a decline in
    confidence in government; they eagerly hope for a new government
    ethics scandal they can lay at the feet of campaign finance freedom,
    while ignoring the scandals that take place during their highly
    regulated moments (Cunningham, Abramoff, Ney, Jefferson, runaway
    earmarking, etc.).

    Political campaigns are not always pretty, and they are not always
    models of civic discourse as presented by the utopians. But on
    balance, campaign finance freedom works, and works well. It’s far
    better than leaving the regulation of political discourse to
    incumbent congressmen and the party in power, to be guided,
    presumably, by the prejudices of the Paul Waldmans of the world.
    That’s why we have a First Amendment.

    Should we celebrate our freedom to speak freely about candidates,
    parties, issues, and Paul Waldman?

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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>


    “Bush Outstrips Rivals in Fund-Raising as ‘Super PACs’ Swell
    Candidates’ Coffers” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74206>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 6:08 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74206>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

NYT 
<http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/us/politics/jeb-bush-races-past-rivals-in-fund-raising-aided-by-super-pac-cash.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news>‘s 
Nick Confessore:

    The full cash position of the campaigns — and the names of who,
    exactly, is supplying all this money — will not be clear until the
    end of the month, when each candidate is to have filed formal
    disclosures with the Federal Election Commission. But the rapid
    influx of super PAC money suggests that theRepublican Party
    <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/r/republican_party/index.html?inline=nyt-org>could
    be in for a particularly long and bloody nomination fight, one that
    could drag on well into next year.

    “Having a well-funded campaign and a really well-funded super PAC
    will allow a lot of candidates to stick around a lot longer than
    they traditionally would, to drag out the process, and to make it
    harder for the nominee to pivot to the Democrat,” said Scott W.
    Reed, senior political strategist for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.

    The scale and pace of the fund-raising are unprecedented. Together,
    the Republican candidates and their super PACs have already reported
    raising at least five times more money than the entire 2012 field
    had raised by June 2011.

    At one point this winter, Mr. Bush’s super PAC discouraged donors
    from giving more than $1 million, so as not to create the appearance
    of undue influence by wealthy supporters. On Thursday the super PAC
    put out a news release boasting of thousands of donors who had given
    no more than $25,000 — the super PAC equivalent of pocket change.

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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>


    “Florida Court Finds Politics Determined District Lines”
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74204>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 6:05 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74204>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Nick Madigan reports 
<http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/us/florida-court-finds-politics-determined-district-lines.html>for 
the NYT.

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>


    “Florida Supreme Court Throws Out Congressional Map, Orders
    Battleground Districts Redrawn” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74199>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 12:58 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74199>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Jack Fitzpatrick reports 
<http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/florida-redistricting-congressional-map-supreme-court-20150709>for 
the /National Journal./

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>


    “Jiggery-Pokery” in Today’s Florida Supreme Court Redistricting
    Opinion <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74197>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 12:36 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74197>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

 From the opinion 
<http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2015/OP-SC14-1905_LEAGUE%20OF%20WOMEN%20VOTERS_JULY09.pdf>:

    A reader of Justice Canady’s dissent in isolation could be forgiven
    for believing that this Court’s decision here amounts to a creative
    maneuver designed to overstep its proper bounds, done in order to
    usurp the Legislature’s role in the redistricting process. The
    dissent’s attacks on this Court’s analysis are extravagant, even
    when measured against prior dissenting opinions in our recent
    redistricting cases that have accused this Court of devising “a
    radical alteration in the operation of the separation of powers.”
    Apportionment IV, 132 So. 3d at 160 (Canady, J., dissenting). The
    barrage of epithets employed by the dissent includes the following
    colorful array: “fallacious”; “fabricated”; “extreme distortion”;
    “revolutionary deformation”; “teeming with judicial overreaching”;
    “creatively cobbled”; “aggressive invasion”; “aberrant decision”;
    and “unprecedented incursions.”20 Dissenting op. at 110, 111, 112,
    117, 127.

    *20. Perhaps we should take solace in not being accused of
    “jiggery-pokery.” See King v. Burwell, No. 14-114, 2015 WL 2473448,
    at *19 (U.S. June 25, 2015) (Scalia, J., dissenting).*

    Of course, we categorically reject the dissent’s many derisive
    criticisms. And we point out that the dissent’s overblown claims
    that this Court has violated the separation of powers, and has done
    away with the presumption of constitutionality applied to
    legislative acts in the redistricting context, are in fact nothing
    new. In Apportionment I, the dissent repeatedly chastised this Court
    for “cast[ing] aside the presumption of constitutionality.”
    Apportionment I, 83 So. 3d at 696 (Canady, J., concurring in part
    and dissenting in part). In Apportionment III, the dissent charged
    that this Court had “la[id] the groundwork for the unrestrained
    judicial intrusion” into the redistricting process. Apportionment
    III, 118 So. 3d at 218 (Canady, J., dissenting) (internal quotation
    omitted). And in Apportionment IV, the dissent hyperbolically
    accused this Court of “grievously violat[ing] the constitutional
    separation of powers.” Apportionment IV, 132 So. 3d at 156 (Canady,
    J., dissenting).

My emphasis.

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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>


    More Post Remand Alabama Redistricting Documents
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74195>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 12:31 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74195>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Courtesy ofMoritz: 
<http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/DemocraticvAlabama.php>

  * ALBC Plaintiffs’ Motion for Reconsideration of Order Readopting
    Rulings Not Addressed By the Supreme Court
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ADCMotion06122015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/12/15)
  * ALBC Plaintiffs’ Refiled Motion for Summary Judgment in Compliance
    With Supreme Court Mandate
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ALBCRefiledMotion06122015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/12/15)
  * ALBC Plaintiffs’ Remand Brief in Support of Refiled Motion for
    Summary Judgment in Compliance With Supreme Court Mandate
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ALBCRemandBrief06122015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/12/15)
  * Defendants’ Unopposed Motion to Substitute Exhibit 475 and Notice of
    Filing Corrected Exhibit Disk
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ADCMotiontoSub06122015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/12/15)
  * Plaintiffs’ Post-Remand Brief
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ADCPostRemandBrief06122015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/12/15)
  * Order Granting Defendants’ Unopposed Motion to Substitute Exhibit
    475
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ADCOrder06172015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/17/15)
  * Order Scheduling Oral Argument on the Post-Remand Briefing
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ADCOrderSchedule06232015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    6/23/15)
  * ALBC Plaintiffs’ Amended Motion for Reconsideration of Order
    Readopting Rulings Not Addressed by the Supreme Court
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/ALBCMotion07022015.pdf>pdf
    file
    <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/DistrictCourtOpinion122014.pdf>(filed
    7/02/15)

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>,Voting Rights 
Act <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=15>


    The Alabama Redistricting Cases and Today’s Decision Invalidating
    Eight Congressional Districts in Florida
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74191>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 12:14 pm 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74191>byRichard Pildes 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=7>

A major basis for today’s Florida Supreme Court decision is that the 
Florida legislature wrongly believed or purported to believe that the 
Voting Rights Act required raising the population of black voters to 
certain high levels.  Relying on the Supreme Court’s decision this Term 
in the Alabama racial-gerrymandering cases, the Florida court found that 
the VRA did not require raising the black populations to these levels.  
The Florida court concluded that the Republican legislature had done 
this for partisan political purposes, ie, as a way to pack Democratic 
voters into a few districts and limit their power elsewhere.  Because 
Florida’s Constitution now bans partisan gerrymandering, as a result of 
a voter initiative, these districts therefore were in violation of 
Florida law.

This is a particularly interesting ramification of the Supreme Court’s 
Alabama decision.  Today’s decision makes the Supreme Court’s decision 
relevant even in cases that involve state-law claims, rather than only 
those — like the one at issue in the Alabama cases — that involve the 
U.S. Constitution.  In the Alabama cases, the claim is that the State 
engaged in an unconstitutional racial gerrymander when it used race to 
draw districts beyond the point at which the VRA required race to be 
taken into account.  In today’s case, the Florida court instead 
concluded, in essence, that the State had used the VRA as an excuse to 
engage in partisan gerrymandering.  Florida is now the fourth state, at 
least, in which statewide redistricting plans are being challenged based 
on the principles recognized in the Supreme Court’s Alabama decision.  
The federal court in Virginia has struck down a congressional district 
there, and the issues are currently pending before the North Carolina 
Supreme Court.

To be more specific about today’s Florida decision, a “focal point” of 
the litigation, in the Court’s words, was Congressional District 5, 
where Rep. Corrine Brown is the incumbent.  This district had an 
East-West configuration before redistricting; it was changed to a 
North-South configuration based on the assertion that this was necessary 
to avoid “retrogression,” under the VRA, in the ability of minorities in 
that area to elect a candidate of choice.  From 1992, when this district 
was first created, through today, it had elected an African-American 
candidate; during this period, the black voting-age population (BVAP) 
ranged from around 43-47%.  In the 2012 redistricting, the Florida 
legislature increased the BVAP above 50%; the Florida courts invalidated 
that action.  On a second try, the legislature made the district 48.1% 
BVAP, again on the claim that the VRA required this.  Though legislative 
staff had proposed a plan in which this district remained drawn east to 
west, with a BVAP of 44.96%, the legislature took the position that the 
VRA barred it from dropping the BVAP below 48%.  But the Florida court, 
relying on the Alabama decision, held that black voters would still have 
the “ability to elect” at a 45% BVAP and hence there was no legitimate 
need to reconfigure the district so dramatically.

This attempted change to how District 5 was designed was said to be the 
“linchpin to the Legislature’s effort to draw a map that favors the 
Republican Party.”  On a quick read, the Florida court appears to have 
struck down some of the other congressional districts for the same 
reason, while striking down yet others as illegal partisan gerrymanders 
for other reasons.

This is an important decision, for many reasons.  We now have a court 
decision enforcing voter-initiated prohibitions on partisan 
gerrymandering.  Time will tell what the net effect will be, since the 
court gave the Florida legislature another chance to draw these seven 
congressional districts in a way consistent with the state 
Constitution’s ban on partisan gerrymandering.

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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>


    “One Robe, One Vote” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74192>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 11:16 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74192>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

I joined Above the Law’s “Thinking Like a Lawyer” podcast to talk 
election law issues with Elie Mystal and Joe Patrice.

Take a listen. 
<http://legaltalknetwork.com/podcasts/thinking-like-a-lawyer/2015/07/one-robe-one-vote/>

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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>


    “How Presidential Candidates Are Pushing Past Campaign Finance
    Boundaries This Time” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74188>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 10:08 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74188>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Paul Blumenthal reports 
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/07/09/2016-campaign-finance_n_7757258.html>for 
HuffPo.

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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>


    The Intercept Talks with Rep. Sarbanes About Campaign Finance Reform
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74186>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 10:05 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74186>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Here 
<https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/07/09/rep-john-sarbanes-plan-de-suck-u-s-government-part-ii/>.

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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>


    2015 Election Law Supplement Now Open for Preorders
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74184>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 9:54 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74184>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

Carolina Academic Presshas opened preorders 
<http://www.cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781611638158/Election-Law-Fifth-Edition-2015-Supplement>for 
the 2015 supplement to Lowenstein, Hasen & Tokaji,Election Law–Cases and 
Materials 
<http://www.cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781611631784/Election-Law-Fifth-Edition>(5th 
ed. 2012).  If you are an instructor using the book, a pdf is available 
for your planning purposes now by emailing crutan (at) cap-press.com. 
  More info on what’s in the supplement ishere 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74007>.

The supplement should begin shipping July 28.

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Posted inpedagogy <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=23>


    Breaking: FL Supreme Court Strikes Congressional Redistricting:
    Analysis <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74172>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 8:17 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74172>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

The Florida Supreme Court, on a 5-2 vote, has struck down Florida’s 
redistricting for congressional districts on state law grounds. See

  * SC14-1905  The League of Women Voters of Florida, etc., et al. v.
    Ken Detzner, et al. Opinion
    <http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2015/OP-SC14-1905_LEAGUE%20OF%20WOMEN%20VOTERS_JULY09.pdf>andOrder
    <http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2015/sc14-1905_ORDER.pdf>

The court found that the plans were a partisan gerrymander, and that 
this intent to favor Republicans violated provisions of the state 
constitution passed by voters in the “Fair Districts Amendment.” The 
court’s decision includes a lengthy discussion of evidence of such 
improper intent.

The court has ordered the Florida legislature to create new plans, to 
use a particular software package to create that plan, and to submit the 
new plan to the state Supreme Court for approval:

    Accordingly, while we affirm the trial court’s finding that the
    Legislature’s enacted map was “taint[ed]” by unconstitutional
    intent, we reverse the trial court’s order upholding the
    Legislature’s remedial redistricting plan. We relinquish this case
    to the trial court for a period of 100 days from the date of this
    opinion, with directions that it require the Legislature to redraw,
    on an expedited basis, Congressional Districts 5, 13, 14, 21, 22,
    25, 26, 27, and all other districts affected by the redrawing,
    pursuant to the guidelines set forth in this opinion. We emphasize
    the time-sensitive nature of these proceedings, with candidate
    qualifying for the 2016 congressional elections now less than a year
    away, and make clear that we take seriously our obligation to
    provide certainty to candidates and voters regarding the legality of
    the state’s congressional districts. Upon the completion of the
    redrawing of the map, the trial court shall hold a hearing where
    both sides shall have an opportunity to present their arguments and
    any evidence for or against the redrawn map, and the trial court
    shall then enter an order either recommending approval or
    disapproval of the redrawn map.

Further, the Court orders some transparency and fairness to the mapping 
process:

    We therefore set forth the following guidelines and parameters,
    which we urge the Legislature to consider in adopting a redrawn map
    that is devoid of partisan intent. First, in order to avoid the
    problems apparent in this case as a result of many critical
    decisions on where to draw the lines having been made outside of
    public view, we encourage the Legislature to conduct all meetings in
    which it makes decisions on the new map in public and to record any
    non-public meetings for preservation. As we stated in Apportionment
    IV, “one of our state constitutional values is a strong and
    well-established public policy of transparency and public access to
    the legislative process.” Id. at 146. This transparency is critical
    in light of both the purpose of the Fair Districts Amendment to
    outlaw partisan manipulation in the redistricting process and the
    trial court’s finding here that “an entirely different, separate
    process” to favor Republicans and incumbents was undertaken contrary
    to the Legislature’s assertedly transparent redistricting effort.
    Id. at 149.

    Second, the Legislature should provide a mechanism for the
    challengers and others to submit alternative maps and any testimony
    regarding those maps for consideration and should allow debate on
    the merits of the alternative maps. The Legislature should also
    offer an opportunity for citizens to review and offer feedback
    regarding any proposed legislative map before the map is finalized.
    Third, the Legislature should preserve all e-mails and documents
    related to the redrawing of the map. In order to avoid additional,
    protracted discovery and litigation, the Legislature should also
    provide a copy of those documents to the challengers upon proper
    request. Finally, we encourage the Legislature to publicly document
    the justifications for its chosen configurations. That will assist
    this Court in fulfilling its own solemn obligation to ensure
    compliance with the Florida Constitution in this unique context,
    where the trial court found the Legislature to have violated the
    constitutional standards during the 2012 redistricting process.

Does the Florida legislature have recourse to the federal courts? After 
all, the Constitution gives the state /legislature/the power to set the 
rules for congressional redistricting, and this is the product of an 
initiative and a state court overruling the legislature. (Echoes of a 
Bush v. Gore type argument about legislature.)  Until a few weeks ago, 
this would have been a plausible argument, but it is now apparently 
foreclosed by the U.S. Supreme Court’s opinion in the Arizona 
redistricting case. Here’s a footnote from today’s Florida case:

    We reject the Legislature’s federal constitutional challenge to the
    Fair Districts Amendment. The Supreme Court’s recent opinion in the
    Arizona case confirms that neither the “Elections Clause” of the
    United States Constitution, U.S. Const. art. I, § 4, cl. 1, nor
    federal law, 2 U.S.C. § 2a(c), prohibits the people of a state,
    through the citizen initiative process, from directing the way in
    which its congressional district boundaries are drawn. As the
    Supreme Court explained, “[b]anning lawmaking by initiative to
    direct a State’s method of apportioning congressional districts”
    would “stymie attempts to curb partisan gerrymandering, by which the
    majority in the legislature draws district lines to their party’s
    advantage.” Ariz. State Legislature, 2015 WL 2473452, at *20; see
    also Brown, 668 F.3d at 1280 (rejecting a federal constitutional
    challenge to the Fair Districts Amendment based on reasoning wholly
    consistent with the Supreme Court’s reasoning in Arizona State
    Legislature).

Think of this as the revenge of Florida in Bush v. Gore on the meaning 
of the term legislature (seemy Slate piece 
<http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/06/arizona_supreme_court_decision_redistricting_ruling_undermines_bush_v_gore.html>for 
context).

[This post has been updated.]

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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>


    “Fullerton agrees to voting districts in settling lawsuit”
    <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74170>

Posted onJuly 9, 2015 8:13 am 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=74170>byRick Hasen 
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>

LAT reports. 
<http://www.latimes.com/local/orangecounty/la-me-fullerton-voting-20150709-story.html>

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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>

-- 
Rick Hasen
Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
UC Irvine School of Law
401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
Irvine, CA 92697-8000
949.824.3072 - office
949.824.0495 - fax
rhasen at law.uci.edu
http://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/hasen/
http://electionlawblog.org

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