[EL] John Doe

Rick Hasen rhasen at law.uci.edu
Fri Apr 29 13:29:01 PDT 2016


from the brief:


On 4/29/16 1:21 PM, Steve Klein wrote:
> Given that the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled on coordination based 
> upon both the First Amendment _and_ article I, section 3 of the 
> Wisconsin Constitution (see paragraph 10 of the majority opinion), can 
> SCOTUS reach the coordination discussion?
>
> State constitutions can still be more protective 
> <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1340334?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents> of 
> individual rights, no?
>
> On Fri, Apr 29, 2016 at 12:15 PM, Smith, Brad <BSmith at law.capital.edu 
> <mailto:BSmith at law.capital.edu>> wrote:
>
>     My analysis would be that the Wisconsin court got the coordination
>     law right; that this will, if anything, give Kennedy an
>     opportunity to clarify that Caperton does not and cannot mean that
>     if friends of friends are involved in judicial elections, that
>     would be grounds for recusal, and that the case is not a hot
>     potato any more than dozens of other cases that present themselves
>     to the Supreme Court, such as the Texas ID statute on which the
>     court issued an order today.
>
>     /Bradley A. Smith/
>
>     /Josiah H. Blackmore II/Shirley M. Nault /
>
>     /  Professor of Law/
>
>     /Capital University Law School/
>
>     /303 East Broad Street/
>
>     /Columbus, OH 43215/
>
>     /(614) 236-6317 <tel:%28614%29%20236-6317>/
>
>     /bsmith at law.capital.edu <mailto:bsmith at law.capital.edu>/
>
>     /http://www.law.capital.edu/faculty/bios/bsmith.asp/
>
>     *From:*law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu
>     <mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>
>     [mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu
>     <mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>] *On Behalf
>     Of *Rick Hasen
>     *Sent:* Friday, April 29, 2016 11:11 AM
>     *To:* law-election at UCI.edu
>     *Subject:* [EL] ELB News and Commentary 4/29/16
>
>
>         WI John Doe Cert. Petition Raises Substantial Questions, But
>         #SCOTUS May Not Bite <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82420>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 8:08 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82420>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     I have posted a copy of theredacted petition for cert
>     <https://www.scribd.com/doc/310939038/John-Doe-Cert-Redacted>. in
>     the John Doe Wisconsin case. Never before have I seen a cert.
>     petition with even parts of the questions presented redacted.  The
>     redactions make it difficult to fully assess the claims, as is the
>     fact that this was not written by Supreme Court
>     specialists—because the Wisconsin Supreme Court, in more than a
>     bit of chutzpah, denied the ability of Reed Smith to work pro bono
>     on this cert petition. (The petition contains a dig at this point:
>     “The state supreme court denied the request, refusing to recognize
>     the right of the district attorneys to be represented by counsel.
>     The court wrote that no need had been shown by the petitioners,
>     whose appellate experience is limited to traffic and misdemeanor
>     matters in the state court of appeals.”)
>
>     There are two meaty issues. First, it seems pretty clear to me
>     that the Wisconsin Supreme Court mangled U.S. constitutional
>     campaign finance law to let elected officials like Gov. Scott
>     Walker coordinate with outside groups on an unlimited basis with
>     groups taking unlimited campaign contributions from whatever
>     source so long as the outside groups avoid express words of
>     advocacy like vote for or vote against. The second issue is
>     whether those Justices on the WI Supreme Court who benefitted from
>     the outside spending by the very groups before the court should
>     have recused themselves from hearing the case. The number of
>     redactions involving the actions of controversial state Supreme
>     Court Justice David Prosser are remarkable in and of themselves.
>
>     Either of these arguments are substantial enough, and the case
>     important enough nationally, to merit Supreme Court review,
>     although while Justice Scalia was still on the Court I would be
>     very wary of bringing any campaign finance case to the Supreme
>     Court lest the Supreme Court actually move in the direction of
>     even further deregulation, taking a bad ruling and making it
>     national.  Now, with Scalia gone and a potential 4-4 split on
>     these issues, the calculation is uncertain. There could well be a
>     cert denial on the campaign finance question even if, as I said,
>     the WI Supreme Court surely mangled constitutional law.
>
>     There is a better shot on the recusal issue. It could well
>     interest Justice Kennedy, who along with the four liberals formed
>     a majority in /Caperton/, seeing due process limits on judges
>     deciding cases where they benefitted from very large campaign
>     spending on their behalf. Even Chief Justice Roberts, who
>     dissented in /Caperton/but who has been concerned about the role
>     of judges in fundraising (see his /Williams-Yulee/decision) could
>     be interested in this case.
>
>     But who knows what this 4-4 Court will do with a hot potato such
>     as this case?
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82420&title=WI%20John%20Doe%20Cert.%20Petition%20Raises%20Substantial%20Questions%2C%20But%20%23SCOTUS%20May%20Not%20Bite&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>,judicial elections
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=19>,Supreme Court
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
>
>
>         “Democrat Chuck Schumer, one-man super PAC”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82418>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:41 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82418>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Paul Kane for WaPo.
>     <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/chuck-schumer-a-one-man-super-pac-with-26-million-and-counting/2016/04/28/33390ee8-0d70-11e6-a6b6-2e6de3695b0e_story.html>
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82418&title=%26%238220%3BDemocrat%20Chuck%20Schumer%2C%20one-man%20super%20PAC%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>
>
>
>         “The face of American political corruption might be about to
>         change” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82416>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:40 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82416>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     CS Monitor:
>     <http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2016/0429/The-face-of-American-political-corruption-might-be-about-to-change>
>
>         /That makes the Supreme Court case, to be decided later this
>         spring, a crucial test: Where, exactly, does the nation’s
>         highest court want to set the bar for what is corruption and
>         what is not?/
>
>         /Comments from the court and experts suggest that many think
>         the pendulum has swung too far toward aggressive prosecutors
>         and needs to be recalibrated. The court appears poised to do
>         that. How far it will go is the question./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82416&title=%26%238220%3BThe%20face%20of%20American%20political%20corruption%20might%20be%20about%20to%20change%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inbribery <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=54>,Supreme
>     Court <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
>
>
>         “Originalist Methodology” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82414>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:32 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82414>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Larry Solum has postedthis
>     draft<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2764466>on SSRN:
>
>         /This essay sketches an originalist methodology using ideas
>         from legal theory and theoretical linguistics, including the
>         distinctions between interpretation and construction and
>         between semantics and pragmatics. The Essay aims to dispel a
>         number of misconceptions about the methods used by
>         originalists. Among these is the notion that originalists rely
>         on dictionary definitions to determine the communicative
>         content of the constitutional text. Although dictionaries may
>         play some role, the better approach emphasizes primary
>         evidence such as that provided by corpus linguistics. Another
>         misconception is that originalists do not consider context; to
>         the contrary, the investigation of context plays a central
>         role in originalist methodology./
>
>         /Part I of this Essay articulates a theoretical framework that
>         draws on ideas from contemporary legal theory and linguistics.
>         Part II investigates methods for determining the
>         constitutional text’s semantic content. Part III turns to
>         methods for investigating the role of context in
>         disambiguating and enriching what would otherwise be sparse
>         semantic meaning. The Essay concludes with a short reflection
>         on the future of originalist methodology./
>
>     As Larry would say, download it while it’s hot!!!!
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82414&title=%26%238220%3BOriginalist%20Methodology%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted instatutory interpretation <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=21>
>
>
>         “Hartford Council Flouts Voters In Keeping Three Registrars”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82412>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:30 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82412>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Hartford Courtant editorial
>     <http://www.courant.com/opinion/editorials/hc-ed-hartford-council-wont-fix-3-registrar-problem-20160427-story.html>:
>
>         /Hartford’s city council is flat-out dismissing the will of
>         the voters in refusing to fix the quirky, costly, bumbling,
>         excessive three-registrar problem./
>
>         /The city council decided Monday against adopting an ordinance
>         that would have authorized the appointment of two registrars —
>         instead of the three the city is now saddled with./
>
>         /One professional registrar is really all that’s needed. That
>         would save towns and cities like Hartford lots of money and
>         grief. But an archaic state law — a throwback to the patronage
>         politics of yesteryear — stands in the way./
>
>         /The legislature balked last year at attempts by Secretary of
>         the State Denise Merrill and state Rep. Matt Ritter,
>         D-Hartford, to update that relic of a law and allow the
>         appointment of a single professional registrar in every
>         municipality. So the law continues to require something that
>         no other state does./
>
>         /State law guarantees each of Connecticut’s 169 municipalities
>         a Democrat and a Republican registrar. And beyond that
>         wasteful mandate, the law also says, confusingly, that
>         candidates with the highest and second highest number of votes
>         win the registrar jobs — even if they’re from an obscure third
>         party./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82412&title=%26%238220%3BHartford%20Council%20Flouts%20Voters%20In%20Keeping%20Three%20Registrars%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inelection administration <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>
>
>
>         White House Goes “9-9-9” for Garland
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82410>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:20 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82410>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     At this poin
>     <http://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/white-house-makes-new-push-for-garland-222612>t,
>     though, I think things get serious with a Garland nomination only
>     when it is clear Trump will lose and Republicans will lose control
>     of the Senate.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82410&title=White%20House%20Goes%20%26%238220%3B9-9-9%26%238221%3B%20for%20Garland&description=>
>
>     Posted inSupreme Court <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
>
>
>         “Sanders is biggest spender of 2016 so far — generating
>         millions for consultants” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82408>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:18 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82408>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     WaPo reports.
>     <https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sanders-is-biggest-spender-of-2016-so-far--generating-millions-for-consultants/2016/04/28/600170ce-0cf2-11e6-a6b6-2e6de3695b0e_story.html>
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82408&title=%26%238220%3BSanders%20is%20biggest%20spender%20of%202016%20so%20far%20%E2%80%94%20generating%20millions%20for%20consultants%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>
>
>
>         “There’s No Such Thing as a Free Rolex”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82406>
>
>     Posted onApril 29, 2016 7:17 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82406>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Zephyr Teachout NYT oped
>     <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/opinion/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-free-rolex.html?ref=opinion&_r=0>:
>
>         /In its Citizens United ruling, the court gutted campaign
>         finance laws. It acknowledged that American politics faced the
>         threat of gift-givers and donors trying to corrupt the system,
>         but it held that campaign finance laws were the wrong way to
>         deal with that problem; bribery laws were the better path.
>         Now, though, the court seems ready to gut bribery laws, saying
>         that campaign finance laws provide a better approach. But if
>         both campaign finance laws and bribery laws are now regarded
>         as problematic, what’s left?/
>
>         /With the Supreme Court apparently imagining that there is
>         some other, simple-to-enforce bribery law, we citizens are
>         left empty-handed. This is the first case since Justice
>         Antonin Scalia’s passing to directly address what corruption
>         is; the issue is a critical test of the court./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82406&title=%26%238220%3BThere%26%238217%3Bs%20No%20Such%20Thing%20as%20a%20Free%20Rolex%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inbribery <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=54>,campaign
>     finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,Supreme Court
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
>
>
>         “Money in politics: Finance, regulation and disclosure in CA’s
>         ballot initiative process” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82404>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 8:08 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82404>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Looking forward to participating inthis KPCC Air Tak event
>     <http://www.scpr.org/events/2016/04/19/1922/money-in-politics/>May 12:
>
>         /As we look to the November ballot, this is expected to be a
>         record year for citizen initiatives in California with more
>         than a hundred already proposed and filed with the Secretary
>         of State. Enacted in 1911, California’s citizens’ initiative
>         process allows citizens the opportunity to put their own
>         propositions on the state ballot. But is the average voter as
>         well equipped to deal with complex legislation as elected
>         legislators and their full-time staffs?/
>
>         /While direct democracy is the intent, the process of
>         qualifying and passing initiatives in such a large state
>         allows monied interests to wield big clout. Do you think
>         California’s initiative process is controlled more by large
>         industries, labor unions and wealthy individuals than by
>         voters? If so, do you have ideas for reforming the process?
>         Would you ban initiative financing that comes from
>         out-of-state? Do you think citizen initiatives are a waste of
>         time and money and should be scrapped altogether?/
>
>         /Join us on Tuesday, April 19 at KPCC’s Crawford Family Forum
>         as*Larry Mantle*(AirTalk),*Peter Scheer***(First Amendment
>         Coalition) and other special guests explore issues related to
>         money in CA’s initiative process./
>
>         /Moderator:/
>
>         */Larry Mantle/*/, host of AirTalk/
>
>         /Guests:/
>
>         */John Eastman/*/, professor of law and community service at
>         Chapman University/
>
>         */Richard Hasen/*/, Chancellor’s professor of law and
>         political science at University of California, Irvine/
>
>         */Jessica Levinson/*/, professor at Loyola Law School/
>
>         */John Matsusaka/*/, USC Charles F. Sexton chair in American
>         enterprise, professor of finance and business economics, and
>         executive director of Initiative and Referendum Institute/
>
>         */Pete Peterson/*/, interim dean of the School of Public
>         Policy and executive director of the Davenport Institute at
>         Pepperdine University/
>
>         */Peter Scheer/*/, executive director of First Amendment
>         Coalition/
>
>         /This event is a live taping of AirTalk co-presented by the
>         First Amendment Coalition and KPCC./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82404&title=%26%238220%3BMoney%20in%20politics%3A%20Finance%2C%20regulation%20and%20disclosure%20in%20CA%26%238217%3Bs%20ballot%20initiative%20process%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted indirect democracy <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=62>
>
>
>         “Why Mayor de Blasio Is Facing So Many Investigations”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82402>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 8:03 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82402>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     NYT reports
>     <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/nyregion/the-de-blasio-inquiries-a-recap-and-whats-next.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0>:
>
>
>                 /What is Mr. de Blasio’s connection to the
>                 investigations?/
>
>         /At the heart of each of the five inquiries is money — in most
>         cases, fund-raising linked to the mayor, his election campaign
>         or a nonprofit group connected with him./
>
>         /Mr. de Blasio, a Democrat elected in 2013, has made no secret
>         of his attempts to raise significant sums to bolster his
>         agenda through that group, the Campaign for One New York, and
>         through an effort in 2014 to wrest control of the State Senate
>         from the Republicans by supporting several Democratic
>         candidates. Donors to the mayor’s political endeavors include
>         major unions and real estate developers, and many of them have
>         business before the city./
>
>         /It is not clear how direct a role, if any, the mayor played
>         in some of these matters. The inquiries that seem closest to
>         him focus on two issues: theeffort to help Senate Democrats
>         <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/20/nyregion/inquiry-of-mayor-de-blasio-fund-raising-extends-to-14-state-senate-races.html>,
>         and the relationship he had with Nyclass, an animal-rights
>         group that spent heavily in the 2013 mayoral race against Mr.
>         de Blasio’s chief rival, Christine C. Quinn./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82402&title=%26%238220%3BWhy%20Mayor%20de%20Blasio%20Is%20Facing%20So%20Many%20Investigations%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,chicanery
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=12>
>
>
>         President Obama Nominates Kate Marshall as EAC Commissioner
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82396>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 4:39 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82396>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Via the Adelson news
>     <http://www.reviewjournal.com/politics/former-nevada-treasure-nominated-federal-election-panel?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter>(with
>     a headline suggestingMarshall
>     <https://ballotpedia.org/Kate_Marshall>is a former Nevada Treasure).
>
>     This fills the one vacancy on the troubled commission and replaces
>     the earlier nomination ofMatthew Butler
>     <https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/11/19/presidential-nominations-and-withdrawal-sent-senate>,
>     which lookedquite ill-advised. <https://electionlawblog.org/?p=68518>
>
>     Let’s see if there’s any incentive for Sen. McConnell to move this
>     nomination.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82396&title=President%20Obama%20Nominates%20Kate%20Marshall%20as%20EAC%20Commissioner&description=>
>
>     Posted inelection administration <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>
>
>
>         “NC election law case to get quick review”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82394>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 3:40 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82394>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     The /News and Observer/reports.
>     <http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/under-the-dome/article74483507.html>
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82394&title=%26%238220%3BNC%20election%20law%20case%20to%20get%20quick%20review%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
>
>
>         “Dark Money and an I.R.S. Blindfold”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82392>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 3:04 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82392>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     NYT editorial:
>     <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/opinion/dark-money-and-an-irs-blindfold.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region&region=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region>
>
>         /It is plainly illegal for foreigners to contribute to
>         American political campaigns. But reform groups are warning
>         that the ban would be gravely undermined by alittle-noticed
>         bill
>         <https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/5053>advanced
>         Thursday by Republicans on the House Ways and Means Committee./
>
>         /It would alter the current tax code provision that, while
>         permitting the identity of donors to 501(c) “social welfare”
>         groups to be kept firmly secret from the public, requires that
>         the donors be privately identified to Internal Revenue Service
>         officials responsible for enforcing the law. Politically
>         oriented groups claiming dubious exemptions as “social
>         welfare” nonprofits have proliferated in recent elections,
>         allowing donors — including publicity-shy campaign backers —
>         to work from the shadows./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82392&title=%26%238220%3BDark%20Money%20and%20an%20I.R.S.%20Blindfold%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,tax
>     law and election law <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=22>
>
>
>         Ninth Circuit Grants Rehearing En Banc in Case Involving
>         Tuscon City Council “Hybrid” Election System
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82390>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 2:42 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82390>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Order. <http://sos.metnews.com/sos.cgi?0416//15-16142>
>
>     The panel decision
>     <http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2015/11/10/15-16142.pdf>featured
>     an opinion by Judge Kozinski and a dissent by Judge Tallman. Judge
>     Kozinski explained the hybrid system in the panel decision:
>
>         /In some American cities, council seats are filled at large,
>         with the entire city voting for each seat in the primary and
>         general elections. In other cities, council members are
>         nominated and elected by the residents of particular
>         districts. Tucson splits the difference: Since 1930, the city
>         has used a “hybrid system” that combines ward-based primaries
>         with atlarge general elections. The first step in the hybrid
>         system is a partisan primary. Each ward holds its own primary
>         limited to residents of that ward. The winners of the ward
>         primaries advance to the general election, where they compete
>         against the other candidates nominated from that ward. In the
>         general election, all Tucson residents can vote for one
>         council member from each ward that held a primary during the
>         same election cycle. See Charter ch. XVI, § 9. Thus, a
>         resident of Ward 1 can’t vote in the Ward 2 primary, but can
>         vote for one of the Ward 2 candidates in the general election.
>         The parties agree that, 6 PUBLIC INTEGRITY ALLIANCE V. CITY OF
>         TUCSON once elected, council members represent the entire
>         city, not just the ward from which they were nominated. See
>         City of Tucson v. State, 273 P.3d 624, 631 (Ariz. 2012)
>         (“Tucson council members, although nominated by ward,
>         represent the entire city, just as do council members elected
>         at large in other cities.”); see also Dallas Cty. v. Reese,
>         421 U.S. 477, 480 (1975) (“[E]lected officials represent all
>         of those who elect them . . . .”); Fortson v. Dorsey, 379 U.S.
>         433, 438 (1965) (similar). Council seats are filled in
>         staggered elections, with three council members elected every
>         other year. Once elected, a council member serves a four-year
>         term. See Charter ch. XVI, §§ 3–4. The council members from
>         Wards 1, 2 and 4 will be elected in 2015, and the council
>         members from Wards 3, 5 and 6 will be elected in 2017. Because
>         only half of the council seats are up for election in any
>         given year, only half of Tucsonans can vote in a primary in
>         each election cycle. And approximately 83 percent of the
>         electorate that votes for any given council seat in the
>         general election has no say in selecting the nominees
>         competing for that seat./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82390&title=Ninth%20Circuit%20Grants%20Rehearing%20En%20Banc%20in%20Case%20Involving%20Tuscon%20City%20Council%20%26%238220%3BHybrid%26%238221%3B%20Election%20System&description=>
>
>     Posted invoting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=31>
>
>
>         “How Majority Rule Might Have Stopped Donald Trump”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82387>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 1:23 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82387>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Eric Maskin and Amartya Sen
>     <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/opinion/sunday/how-majority-rule-might-have-stopped-donald-trump.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region&region=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region>in
>     NYT Sunday Review:
>
>         /The Marquis de Condorcet, the great 18th-century political
>         theorist and mathematician, proposed a system for electing
>         candidates who truly command majority support. In this system,
>         a voter has the opportunity to/rank/candidates. For example,
>         her ballot might rank John Kasich, Ted Cruz and Mr. Trump in
>         that order, meaning that she likes Mr. Kasich best, but if he
>         doesn’t win, she would go for Mr. Cruz. She could,
>         alternatively, choose to vote just for Mr. Kasich, which would
>         amount to ranking Mr. Trump and Mr. Cruz in a tie for second.
>         The winner would then be the candidate who, according to the
>         rankings, would defeat each opponent individually in a
>         head-to-head matchup — a real majority winner. (For
>         simplicity, we have described a winner-take-all case;
>         Condorcet’s prescription would also be applicable in primaries
>         where delegates are assigned proportionally.)/
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82387&title=%26%238220%3BHow%20Majority%20Rule%20Might%20Have%20Stopped%20Donald%20Trump%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inalternative voting systems
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=63>
>
>
>         Get Ready for the End to Self-Funding Trump (and the Loss of
>         His Too-Rich-to-Be-Bought Message)
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82384>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 12:22 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82384>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Greg Sargent
>     <https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/04/28/trump-presents-himself-as-a-scourge-of-the-elites-that-wont-last/>:
>
>         /This means Trump will be facing some tough dilemmas very,
>         very soon. The question isn’t just whether Trump himself will
>         take contributions (which, as Manafort says above, hasn’t been
>         decided yet). Another question is whether Trump will signal
>         tacit — or even overt — assent for Super PACs allied with the
>         Republican Party to raise and spend huge money on his behalf./
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82384&title=Get%20Ready%20for%20the%20End%20to%20Self-Funding%20Trump%20%28and%20the%20Loss%20of%20His%20Too-Rich-to-Be-Bought%20Message%29&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>
>
>
>         How Appealing Mega-Roundup of McDonnell Oral Argument Stories
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82382>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 12:03 pm
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82382>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Howard is indispensable
>     <http://howappealing.abovethelaw.com/042816.html#066929>.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82382&title=How%20Appealing%20Mega-Roundup%20of%20McDonnell%20Oral%20Argument%20Stories&description=>
>
>     Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
>
>
>         “The Kremlin’s Candidate” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82380>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 11:50 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82380>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Absolute must-read
>     <http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-russia-today-rt-kremlin-media-vladimir-putin-213833>by
>     Michael Crowley in Politico magazine. Wow is Ed Schultz a sellout.
>     And very, very troubling about Trump.
>
>     This is why I never do interviews with RT or Al Jazeera.  (Years
>     ago, before I knew what RT was, I did a radio show (I believe
>     Craig Holman was on too) where it was clear that the intention was
>     to make the United States simply look as bad as possible.) No need
>     to help government mouthpieces masquerading as journalists.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82380&title=%26%238220%3BThe%20Kremlin%26%238217%3Bs%20Candidate%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
>
>
>         “Prosecutors ask U.S. Supreme Court to overturn Doe decision”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82378>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 10:54 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82378>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel:
>     <http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/prosecutors-ask-us-supreme-court-to-overturn-doe-decision-b99715345z1-377458391.html>
>
>         /Milwaukee County District Attorney John Chisholm on Thursday
>         asked the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn a decision by
>         Wisconsin’s high court to shut down an investigation of Gov.
>         Scott Walker’s campaign and conservative groups backing him./
>
>         /Chisholm and other prosecutors argue Wisconsin Supreme Court
>         Justices David Prosser and Michael Gableman should not have
>         been allowed to hear the case because their campaigns
>         benefited from work by some of the groups being investigated./
>
>         /They also want the U.S. Supreme Court to review whether the
>         Wisconsin court got it right when it ruled candidates have
>         free speech rights to work closely with advocacy groups during
>         their campaigns, according to sources./
>
>     If anyone has a copy of the cert. petition, please pass it along.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82378&title=%26%238220%3BProsecutors%20ask%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court%20to%20overturn%20Doe%20decision%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,judicial elections
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=19>,Supreme Court
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
>
>
>         “The Caucuses and the Right to Vote”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82376>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 10:52 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82376>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Lawyers’ Committee
>     <https://lawyerscommittee.org/caucuses-right-vote/>has produced an
>     interactive map of complaints about disenfranchisement in the use
>     of caucuses.
>
>     Time to kill the caucuses.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82376&title=%26%238220%3BThe%20Caucuses%20and%20the%20Right%20to%20Vote%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inelection administration
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,political parties
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=25>,primaries
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=32>
>
>
>         “Paul Manafort: Trump Hasn’t Ruled Out Taking Money From Big
>         Donors In The General” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82374>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 10:49 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82374>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     BuzzFeed reports.
>     <https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/paul-manafort-trump-hasnt-ruled-out-taking-money-from-big-do?utm_term=.hcyorjAGB#.uc84V7PQE>
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82374&title=%26%238220%3BPaul%20Manafort%3A%20Trump%20Hasn%E2%80%99t%20Ruled%20Out%20Taking%20Money%20From%20Big%20Donors%20In%20The%20General%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted incampaign finance
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>
>
>
>         “GAB Director Calls Walker’s Comments On Voter ID Law
>         ‘Disingenuous'” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82372>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 10:48 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82372>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Wisconsin Public Radio
>     <http://www.wpr.org/gab-director-calls-walkers-comments-voter-id-law-disingenuous>:
>
>         /“The fact is, the state had to spend a whole lot of time and
>         money defending the (voter ID) law, and we continue to do so
>         today,” Walker said. “If people were really serious about
>         that, they wouldn’t have allowed the state to use all that
>         money to fight courts and to use that in promoting the system.”/
>
>         /Kevin Kennedy, the board’s director, disputes Walker’s
>         statement. In an interview on Wisconsin Public Radio’s
>         “Central Time,” he said that state residents, particularly
>         students, would benefit from an outreach campaign./
>
>         /“That’s really a very disingenuous comment,” said Kennedy. “I
>         mean, this was a very politically charged decision in the
>         Legislature. Not everyone supports it. And people were
>         challenging the right. That’s like apples and oranges.”/
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82372&title=%26%238220%3BGAB%20Director%20Calls%20Walker%26%238217%3Bs%20Comments%20On%20Voter%20ID%20Law%20%26%238216%3BDisingenuous%27%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inelection administration
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,The Voting Wars
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>
>
>
>         4th Circuit Expedites North Carolina Voting Case, with
>         Briefing Done June 14 <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82370>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 9:48 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82370>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     Order. <http://pdfserver.amlaw.com/nlj/NC_voter_ca4_20160428.pdf>
>
>     (Here ismy earlier analysis
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82224>of the case, with a look at
>     the prospects on appeal; more here on the panellikely to hear the
>     case <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82278>.)
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82370&title=4th%20Circuit%20Expedites%20North%20Carolina%20Voting%20Case%2C%20with%20Briefing%20Done%20June%2014&description=>
>
>     Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
>
>
>         “The Retreat from Voting Rights”
>         <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82368>
>
>     Posted onApril 28, 2016 9:02 am
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=82368>by*Rick Hasen*
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
>
>     William Barber NYT oped
>     <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/opinion/the-retreat-from-voting-rights.html?ref=opinion>on
>     NC decision.
>
>     Share
>     <https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Felectionlawblog.org%2F%3Fp%3D82368&title=%26%238220%3BThe%20Retreat%20from%20Voting%20Rights%26%238221%3B&description=>
>
>     Posted inThe Voting Wars
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>,voter id
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=9>,Voting Rights Act
>     <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=15>
>
>
>
>     -- 
>
>     Rick Hasen
>
>     Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
>
>     UC Irvine School of Law
>
>     401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
>
>     Irvine, CA 92697-8000
>
>     949.824.3072 <tel:949.824.3072>  - office
>
>     949.824.0495 <tel:949.824.0495>  - fax
>
>     rhasen at law.uci.edu <mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>
>
>     http://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/hasen/
>
>     http://electionlawblog.org
>
>
>     _______________________________________________
>     Law-election mailing list
>     Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu
>     <mailto:Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu>
>     http://department-lists.uci.edu/mailman/listinfo/law-election
>
>
>
>
> -- 
> Steve Klein
> Attorney*
> Pillar of Law Institute
> www.pillaroflaw.org <http://www.pillaroflaw.org>
>
> /*Licensed to practice law in Illinois and Michigan/

-- 
Rick Hasen
Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
UC Irvine School of Law
401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
Irvine, CA 92697-8000
949.824.3072 - office
949.824.0495 - fax
rhasen at law.uci.edu
http://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/hasen/
http://electionlawblog.org

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