[EL] Student Voting

Sun Apr 19 08:56:36 PDT 2020

More broadly on the subject of student voting, students are the largest group of voters who often have the choice of voting in one of two states (the other are military voters, but that’s a much smaller group).  Whenever I poll my law students in election years, most of them tell me they will vote in whichever of their two options is the closest to being a swing state in the presidential election, to the extent they can legally choose either.

I’ve often thought from a systemic perspective this is an area in which we’d  be better off with a uniform national policy, at least for federal elections.   That won’t happen, politically, but every election cycle in many states we face political struggle, litigation, confusion about this issue, as well as the fact that a number of states change their laws on this from one election to another.

Would Congress have the power to adopt legislation on this for national elections?  This is a borderline issue in constitutional law.  States have the power to determine the qualifications needed to be able to vote, even for national elections.  So states would have the power to determine whether they only permit residents (usually defined as presence and intent to remain) to vote or also permit those who are merely domiciled there to vote.  But once states chose residency, for example, Congress might have some room to regulate what’s required to prove bona fide residency.

But this is a theoretical issue, because Congress is highly unlikely to have enough consensus on the right policy to legislate on this at all.

From: Law-election [mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu] On Behalf Of Trevor Potter
Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 10:57 AM
To: Michael J. Hanmer <mhanmer at umd.edu>; Election Law <law-election at department-lists.uci.edu>
Subject: Re: [EL] Fwd: Where can college students vote this November?

“ residence” and “permanent domicile” are of course a matter of state law for these purposes. However, my understanding is that many states incorporate the concept of intent— the voter is currently living elsewhere but had established residency in the state and intends to return , even if they have no current abode in the state. This applies to members of the military, for instance.

Get Outlook for iOS<https://aka.ms/o0ukef>

________________________________
From: Law-election <law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>> on behalf of Michael J. Hanmer <mhanmer at umd.edu<mailto:mhanmer at umd.edu>>
Sent: Sunday, April 19, 2020 10:46 AM
To: Election Law
Subject: [EL] Fwd: Where can college students vote this November?

Looks like I sent only to Charles.

Sent from my iPhone

Begin forwarded message:

From: "Michael J. Hanmer" <mhanmer at umd.edu<mailto:mhanmer at umd.edu>>
Date: April 19, 2020 at 10:23:23 AM EDT
To: Charles H Stewart <cstewart at mit.edu<mailto:cstewart at mit.edu>>
Subject: Re: [EL] Where can college students vote this November?

Dick Niemi, Tom Jackson, and I have a 2009 ELJ piece that covers the issue of college student voting. Tom is a legal scholar and led the sections involving legal analysis.

Here are my thoughts, some of which I am not very sure of. I agree with Charles that the legal scholars should weigh in.

Students who haven’t yet established residence in the college town can’t register in the college town, just as anyone planning a move that hasn’t happened yet can’t register in the new place ahead of arriving at the new place. For unregistered students who have lived in the college town but don’t have an active lease, it would seem they too can’t register in the college town until they start living there.

I think things get tricky for students who are registered in their college town if they have leases that expire. If they establish a new residence they can register there and get an absentee ballot under the usual rules. If they don’t establish another residence in the college town I am not sure what happens. If they want to vote in their college town by absentee ballot they should be able to get a ballot with the presidential race. I could see local discretion influencing whether they get a full ballot.

The question on the Census is interesting too. I saw the same guidance Charles noted from citizen groups. The online Census form also had instructions to that effect.

Best,
Mike

Sent from my iPhone

On Apr 18, 2020, at 9:23 PM, Charles H Stewart <cstewart at mit.edu<mailto:cstewart at mit.edu>> wrote:

This question has come to me, and seems to present an interesting twist that requires an answer from a legal scholar, not a political scientist…

Let us say that in the upcoming fall semester, a university says that their students have to stay “at home” and cannot live on campus. The student in question lives out of state. The student in question would otherwise have qualified to vote in the state where they were a student. Can that student vote absentee in the locality where they are enrolled in college?

This seems to be a major twist on the question of where students are domiciled for the purposes of elections when they are away from home to go to college.

I will note that MIT students received an e-mail from the administration saying that for the purposes of the Census, they will be counted as living at MIT, even though the campus had evacuated. I know that this has little-to-no bearing on the question about domicile for voting, but it is an example of how one legal fiction has ignored campus evacuations.

Thoughts?

Charles

----------------------------------------------------------------
Charles Stewart III
Kenan Sahin Distinguished Professor of Political Science
Director, MIT Election Data and Science Lab
Co-Director, Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project

Department of Political Science
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
617-253-3127
cstewart at mit.edu<mailto:cstewart at mit.edu>

_______________________________________________
Law-election mailing list
Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:Law-election at department-lists.uci.edu>
https://department-lists.uci.edu/mailman/listinfo/law-election<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__department-2Dlists.uci.edu_mailman_listinfo_law-2Delection&d=DwMFaQ&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=v3oz9bpMizgP1T8KwLv3YT-_iypxaOkdtbkRAclgHRk&m=jQpIzXNQb-bZNaa-lWLLTdOPlEJ8izrG2WWRinhEAzE&s=krrbGo7Zk3Q9nKYdYSNYkpA0FjAbmPszVI0w-6L541k&e=><https://department-lists.uci.edu/mailman/listinfo/law-election<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__department-2Dlists.uci.edu_mailman_listinfo_law-2Delection&d=DwMFaQ&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=v3oz9bpMizgP1T8KwLv3YT-_iypxaOkdtbkRAclgHRk&m=jQpIzXNQb-bZNaa-lWLLTdOPlEJ8izrG2WWRinhEAzE&s=krrbGo7Zk3Q9nKYdYSNYkpA0FjAbmPszVI0w-6L541k&e=>>

[This message is for the use of the intended recipient only. It is from a law firm and may contain information that is privileged and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any disclosure, copying, future distribution, or use of this communication is prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please advise us by return e-mail, or if you have received this communication by fax advise us by telephone and delete/destroy the document]

-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://webshare.law.ucla.edu/Listservs/law-election/attachments/20200419/e357b2ba/attachment.html>
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: image001.png
Type: image/png
Size: 9617 bytes
Desc: image001.png
URL: <http://webshare.law.ucla.edu/Listservs/law-election/attachments/20200419/e357b2ba/attachment.png>