Subject: election-law_gl-digest V1 #41
From: owner-election-law_gl@majordomo.lls.edu (election-law_gl-digest)
Date: 7/12/2001, 6:00 PM
To: election-law_gl-digest@majordomo.lls.edu

election-law_gl-digest     Thursday, July 12 2001     Volume 01 : Number 041




----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Thu, 12 Jul 2001 08:47:01 -0700
From: "Rick Hasen" <Rick.Hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Vote-by-Mail Law Upheld on Appeal

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Here's a story from today's L.A. Times on the Ninth
Circuit's decision yesterday in Voting Integrity Project v.
Keisling, upholding Oregon's Vote-By-Mail statute against
charges that it violated federal law establishing a uniform
day for federal elections.
Rick


http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-000057112jul12.story

- --
Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA  90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu


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        <span CLASS=3D"deckhead">THE NATION</span><br>


<SPAN CLASS=3D"cHeadline1">Vote-by-Mail Law Upheld on Appeal</SPAN><BR>


        <SPAN class=3D"keydeck14"><img src=3D"/images/standard/blackpix.g=
if" hspace=3D"3" vspace=3D"2" height=3D"6" width=3D"6" alt=3D"*"> Politic=
s: Ruling on Oregon plan could pave way for Internet elections, other ref=
orms.</SPAN>






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<span class=3D"cauthor">

	HENRY WEINSTEIN, TIMES LEGAL AFFAIRS WRITER
</SPAN>

<div class=3D"content">
        =


        In an unprecedented ruling with strong national ramifications, a =
federal appeals court on Wednesday upheld a state's law mandating voting =
by mail.<BR><BR>In a 3-0 ruling, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in=
 San Francisco rebuffed a challenge to Oregon's 1998 vote-by-mail statute=
 from the Voting Integrity Project, a Virginia-based organization that co=
ntends the state law impermissibly conflicts with a federal law directing=
 that everyone vote for president on the same day.<BR><BR>The court ackno=
wledged that Congress enacted a law in 1872 providing for presidential el=
ections to be held throughout the nation on the same day. However, the co=
urt said that statute had implicitly been trumped by statutes providing f=
or absentee balloting and a U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding the abs=
entee ballot process. The appellate judges said that if they had invalida=
ted the Oregon law, the first in the nation to eliminate polling places, =
it could have cast doubt on absentee balloting throughout the nation.<BR>=
<BR>Under the law, Oregon voters receive their ballots in the mail and ha=
ve two to three weeks to return them by mail or at centralized drop-off l=
ocations.<BR><BR>Opposite Ruling Might Have Blocked Reforms<BR><BR>The de=
cision was hailed by Loyola Law School professor Rick Hasen, an election =
law specialist. He said it is particularly important because of the wide =
range of changes in voting procedures being considered in the aftermath o=
f the protracted battle to resolve whether George W. Bush or Al Gore won =
the presidential balloting in Florida and consequently the national elect=
ion.<BR><BR>"A contrary decision would have called into doubt" recent exp=
eriments with Internet voting as well as other initiatives that have been=
 suggested since the 2000 election, Hasen said.<BR><BR>All states allow a=
bsentee voting, but no other state has a system where mail voting is the =
dominant method of casting ballots. The method took effect after Oregon v=
oters in 1998 overwhelmingly passed an initiative providing that all voti=
ng in the state be conducted by mail.<BR><BR>The League of Women Voters i=
n Oregon was the prime mover behind the law in an effort to increase vote=
r turnout and save the state money.<BR><BR>So far, the system has been a =
success, according to state officials and University of Oregon political =
science professor Priscilla Southwell, who studied it under a National Sc=
ience Foundation grant. Southwell said turnout has increased about 10% an=
d state officials say the statute saves about $3 million per election bec=
ause there is no need to hire poll watchers.<BR><BR>Michael D. Reynolds o=
f the Oregon solicitor general's office said he is pleased with the rulin=
g, which upheld a 1999 decision by a federal trial judge in Portland.<BR>=
<BR>"If the court had agreed with the plaintiffs, absentee voting would b=
e dead," Reynolds said. "That can't be, because Congress has approved, an=
d even required, absentee voting" in some circumstances, Reynolds said.<B=
R><BR>Supreme Court Appeal Considered<BR><BR>Attorney M. Miller Baker of =
Washington, D.C., who represented the conservative-leaning Voting Integri=
ty Project, said he was disappointed in the outcome and was strongly cons=
idering an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Rulings by the 9th Circuit c=
over nine Western states including California, but the effect in this ins=
tance could be broader because it's the first such ruling by a federal ap=
pellate court.<BR><BR>Baker asserted that the Oregon law is different fro=
m traditional absentee ballot laws, which make it possible for individual=
s to vote before election day under certain circumstances.<BR><BR>"The Or=
egon law is the exception that swallows" the entire congressional law cal=
ling for voting on the same day, Baker said.<BR><BR>The Voting Integrity =
Project has been challenging statutes permitting "early voting" around th=
e country, so far without success.<BR><BR>Last year, the U.S. 5th Circuit=
 Court of Appeals in New Orleans rejected a challenge the organization ma=
de to a Texas statute that allows voting to begin 17 days before federal =
election day at polling places. The Supreme Court declined to review that=
 ruling.<BR><BR>The U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals in Cincinnati is co=
nsidering a similar challenge to Tennessee's early voting law, which is s=
imilar to that of Texas, that the group lodged unsuccessfully in federal =
district court in Chattanooga.<BR><BR>And the group unsuccessfully challe=
nged Internet voting in Arizona. Last year, during the Democratic preside=
ntial primary in Arizona, voting over the Internet was one of four method=
s by which voters could cast ballots.<BR><BR>Baker said he hopes that eve=
ntually the Supreme Court will take up the issue. He maintained that "Int=
ernet voting and voting by mail have very substantial election fraud issu=
es."<BR><BR>Other critics of the Oregon law, such as Oregon State politic=
al science professor William Lunch, also have expressed concern about the=
 possibility of fraud, but no evidence has been produced and that issue w=
as not before the 9th Circuit.<BR><BR>Michael Alvarez, associate professo=
r of political science at the California Institute of Technology, applaud=
ed the decision while expressing concern about potential fraud. He said t=
hat if the decision had gone the other way it could have "snuffed out" ot=
her experiments with early voting systems. For example, Alvarez noted tha=
t during the 2000 presidential election, Los Angeles County utilized touc=
h-screen voting at selected locations before election day. "The feeling o=
f a lot of people in the Caltech-MIT Voting Project is that we would like=
 to see more experiments like this, rather than more voting by mail on de=
mand," as in Oregon, "which has a security risk."<BR><BR>In Wednesday's d=
ecision, the 9th Circuit acknowledged that the law Congress enacted in 18=
72 specifically rejected the idea of voting on multiple days.<BR><BR>Howe=
ver, Judge Andrew J. Kleinfeld's opinion on Wednesday noted that although=
 the absentee balloting that Congress had mandated for federal elections =
was less sweeping than Oregon's, Congress had expressly frowned on restri=
ctions against absentee balloting.<BR><BR>When a court is confronted with=
 conflicting laws, Kleinfeld wrote, "we are under a duty to construe stat=
utes harmoniously where that can be done."<BR><BR>In this instance, Klein=
feld wrote, that could be done because of a 1997 Supreme Court decision, =
Foster vs. Love. In that case, the high court overturned a Louisiana stat=
ute that required all candidates for the U.S. Senate and the House of Rep=
resentatives to run together in an open primary. If a candidate won a maj=
ority in the primary, that candidate was elected, meaning there was no vo=
te in November.<BR><BR>The Supreme Court held that Louisiana had impermis=
sibly "provided for federal elections before federal election day." Howev=
er, in Oregon, no final selection is made until election day, the court n=
oted. Consequently, the statute is in compliance with the federal electio=
n day statute, Kleinfeld wrote. Judges William A. Fletcher and Ruggero J.=
 Aldisert joined in the decision in Voting Integrity Project vs. Keisling=
, No. 99-35337.
</div>



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var stamp =3D d.valueOf();
if (document.domain.indexOf(domain) =3D=3D -1) {
domain =3D "";

}if (domain.length > 0 ) {
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var expires_str =3D expires.toGMTString();
var cookie_str =3D "popup=3D" + stamp + ";path=3D/;"
cookie_str +=3D  domain + "expires=3D" + expires_str;
document.cookie =3D cookie_str;
}
function testCookie() {
var enabled =3D navigator.cookieEnabled
//Netscape: cookieEnabled is not available for Netscape.
//Test for cookies enabled by setting and getting a cookie
if (enabled =3D=3D null) {
var d =3D new Date();
var timeout =3D d.getTime() + (1 * 60 * 1000);
var expires =3D new Date();
expires.setTime(timeout);
var expires_str =3D expires.toGMTString();
var test_str =3D "bluefishCookieTest=3D" + 1 + ";path=3D/;"
test_str +=3D  domain + "expires=3D" + expires_str;
document.cookie =3D test_str;
enabled =3D document.cookie.indexOf("bluefishCookieTest");
if (enabled =3D=3D -1) {
return 0;
}
}
//Explorer: Use cookieEnabled property
else {
if (enabled=3D=3D0) {
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
function popUnder() {
var page =3D "http://adserver.tribuneinteractive.com/event.ng/Type=3Dclic=
k&FlightID=3D5573&AdID=3D9951&Custom=3D&TargetID=3D1115&Segments=3D77,85,=
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erver.tribuneinteractive.com/ads/latimes/national/millerSweeps/mgdsplash.=
htm";
var windowprops =3D "resizable=3Dno,width=3D400,height=3D300,status=3Dno,=
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window.open(page,'searchWin', windowprops);
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		</TD>
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End of election-law_gl-digest V1 #41
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