Subject: election-law_gl-digest V1 #126
From: owner-election-law_gl@majordomo.lls.edu (election-law_gl-digest)
Date: 1/22/2002, 6:00 PM
To: election-law_gl-digest@majordomo.lls.edu

election-law_gl-digest    Tuesday, January 22 2002    Volume 01 : Number 126




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Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2002 20:14:40 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Enron's Woes Revive Debate on Campaigns

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Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA  90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html


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<NYT_TEXT >

 <P><IMG SRC=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/dropcap/w.gif" ALIGN=3D=
"left" ALT=3D"W">ASHINGTON, Jan. 21 =97 The Enron<org idsrc=3D"other-OTC"=
 value=3D"ENRNQ,EXG,ENE-J"/> debacle is proving to be an unexpected windf=
all for the effort to overhaul the nation's campaign finance laws.</P> <P=

As politicians scramble to return contributions from Enron, the failing=

 energy trading company, the advocates of limiting money in politics say =
their cause has been reinvigorated. They predict that once Congress retur=
ns on Wednesday, they will swiftly gain the support needed to force the c=
ampaign finance issue to the House floor.</P> <P> "It's a huge developmen=
t," said Representative Christopher Shays, the Connecticut Republican who=
, with Representative Martin T. Meehan, Democrat of Massachusetts, is a l=
eading sponsor of the bill to ban the unregulated and unlimited contribut=
ions to political parties known as soft money.</P> <P> Tales of Enron's l=
argess =97 the company spread $6 million across Washington and both parti=
es in the last decade =97 come just as the drive to overhaul the campaign=
 finance law is at a juncture, promising the possibility of the most wide=
- -ranging change in it since the Watergate era.</P> <P> The re-energized p=
ush for an overhaul will still meet stiff resistance from Republican Hous=
e leaders, who have stalled the bill and support an alternate, less strin=
gent measure.</P> <P> The campaign finance issue is not the only one affe=
cted by Enron. As the Congressional session opens, Enron's collapse could=
 affect the debate over energy legislation, retirement legislation and ev=
en the negotiations on an economic stimulus bill.</P> <P> The Senate appr=
oved an overhaul of campaign financing last year, after years in which th=
e bill repeatedly died in Republican filibusters. The bill would ban soft=
 money and rein in advertising by advocacy groups.</P> <P> In the House, =
the legislation has stalled. Its backers have been in a petition drive to=
 push their bill to the floor for debate over the objections of the House=
 Republican leadership. By December, they had 214 of the 218 signatures n=
eeded to prevail.</P> <P> Now Representative Corrine Brown, Democrat of F=
lorida, says she will sign, in part because of Enron. "To me, this is the=
 people's House," Ms. Brown said in an interview. "The influence that the=
 big dollars have, we need to limit it."</P> <P> Representative Richard E=
=2E Neal, Democrat of Massachusetts, has promised to provide the final si=
gnature if 217 other members sign. That leaves the coalition backing the =
measure just two votes short.</P> <P> John P. Feehery, a spokesman for Sp=
eaker J. Dennis Hastert of Illinois, said he was not sure whether the Enr=
on situation had changed the political outlook for the measure.</P> <P> "=
Enron's a different subject, really, from campaign finance," Mr. Feehery =
said.</P> <P> Mr. Hastert would have to permit a vote on the bill if the =
petition drive succeeded, he said, adding, "Obviously, the rules of the H=
ouse require you to follow the rules of the House."</P> <P> Mr. Hastert r=
emains opposed to the Shays-Meehan bill, and with the House whip, Represe=
ntative Tom DeLay of Texas, who has been an implacable foe of the bill, h=
e has been promoting alternative legislation sponsored by Representative =
Robert W. Ney, Republican of Ohio.</P> <P> An array of advocacy groups =97=
 including Common Cause, the League of Women Voters and the Sierra Club =97=
 have been running phone banks for the past week to put pressure on a tar=
get list of 25 House members to sign the petition.</P> <P> Representative=
 Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, the House minority leader, told the Dem=
ocratic Party's winter meeting over the weekend, "We are going to clean u=
p politics in this country once and for all."</P> <P> And Mr. Gephardt's =
aides say he will personally press Democratic holdouts to deliver the las=
t signatures for the petition.</P> <P> Legislation similar to the Shays- =
Meehan bill passed the House in previous years, so there is optimism amon=
g the bill's backers that if they can get the legislation to the floor th=
ey will win passage. Other House members say the vote will be close.</P> =
<P> For the many Republicans who contend that a ban on soft money would w=
eaken the national political parties and abridge free speech, the Enron s=
ituation is galling. They contend that the phone calls of the Enron chair=
man, Kenneth L. Lay, to President Bush's senior aides and cabinet members=
 this fall did not bring help for the collapsing company.</P> <P> "If any=
thing, Enron shows that money doesn't buy special influence," said Repres=
entative Thomas M. Davis III, who heads the House Republicans' re-electio=
n committee.</P> <P> But John Weaver, a strategist for Senator John McCai=
n, the Arizona Republican who put the battle against special interests at=
 the center of his losing presidential run, compared the current frenzy t=
o the one that swept the Capitol after President Bill Clinton pardoned Ma=
rc Rich, a fugitive commodities trader, whose former wife, Denise, was a =
major contributor to Democrats.</P> <P> "Just like the Marc Rich pardon c=
hanged the environment a year ago and helped secure passage in the Senate=
," Mr. Weaver said, "we feel the washing of Enron money all around Washin=
gton will do the same thing in the looming House debate." </P> <P> Indeed=
, so toxic have the Enron donations become that all four of the Congressi=
onal campaign committees are returning contributions they received =97 ei=
ther to the company or to funds that have been established to help employ=
ees who have watched their retirement savings dry up.</P> <P> Three of th=
e committees =97 those for the Senate Democrats, the Senate Republicans a=
nd the House Republicans =97 received $100,000 apiece from Enron this fal=
l, as the company's fortunes rapidly fell. The fourth, the Democratic Con=
gressional Campaign Committee, received $2,050.</P> <P> Individual lawmak=
ers, too, are racing to return money. Enron has written campaign checks t=
o nearly three-fourths of the senators and half the representatives over =
the years.</P> <P> The Democrats are seeking to use Mr. Bush's close ties=
 to Mr. Lay to underscore their theme that Republicans stand with special=
 interests. The Republicans say they are prepared to fight back with thei=
r own choice examples of Democratic connections to Mr. Lay, like the case=
 of Thomas F. McLarty III, the Clinton White House counselor who monitore=
d the progress of an Enron power plant project in India; in 1996, just da=
ys before India approved the project, Enron gave $100,000 to the Democrat=
ic National Committee.</P> <P> The charges and countercharges will keep t=
he issue of political contributions alive, which is what the advocates of=
 change want.</P> <P> "In all the years of lobbying on this issue," said =
Meredith McGehee, senior vice president of Common Cause, "we're used to h=
aving to go out and make the case that this is a problem." </P> <P> "Now,=
" Ms. McGehee said, "you go out there and people make the case to you."</=
P> <P> Even if the coalition gets 218 signatures on its petition =97 a ma=
jority of the House =97 there are still ways for Republican leaders to de=
lay a vote.</P> <P> Under the complicated rules for such a petition, the =
legislation it forces to the floor can be considered only on certain Mond=
ays. Often the House is not working on Mondays. So the debate could be de=
layed until April or May.</P> <P> Once the Shays-Meehan bill goes to the =
floor, it will be subject to efforts to amend it and will have to compete=
 against rival bills. Although the legislation passed the House in 1998 a=
nd 1999, that was when members could vote for it and be sure it would die=
 in the Senate. Last summer, when the bill almost came up for a vote befo=
re a procedural dispute stalled it, neither side could predict who had th=
e votes to win.</P> <P> Aides to Republican leaders said they did not yet=
 have a strategy. One official said the leadership would have to weigh th=
e effects of delay. By spring, the Enron frenzy might have calmed, but th=
at would put the vote closer to the fall election.</P>
</NYT_TEXT></td></tr><tr><td> =

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Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 09:01:13 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Supreme Court takes second Utah case challenging census

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Rick Hasen
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919 South Albany Street
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</td></tr><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top">     <p></p>&nbsp;<p></p>=
 <NYT_DATE><font size=3D"-1"><strong>January 22, 2002</strong></font><br>=
</NYT_DATE><NYT_KICKER></NYT_KICKER><NYT_HEADLINE  version=3D"1.0" type=3D=
" "><h2>Court Will Consider Census Practice</h2></NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_BYLIN=
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<!--plsfield:TEXT-->
<NYT_TEXT >

<p><b>Filed at 10:55 a.m. ET</b></p>
<p>WASHINGTON (AP) -- The Supreme Court agreed Tuesday to consider whethe=
r census takers may estimate the size of one household based on that of i=
ts neighbors, an inexact technique critics say flouts the Constitution's =
requirement for an ``actual enumeration.''</p>
<p>The household estimation method is used as a last resort when census w=
orkers repeatedly fail to find anyone home.</p>
<p>The court will hear an appeal from Utah, which claims that methods use=
d in the 2000 census robbed the state of one of its congressional seats. =
The court also wants both sides to give their views on whether the Suprem=
e Court has jurisdiction over the case.</p>
<p>If the justices conclude that they do not have jurisdiction, the decis=
ion of a lower court against Utah would stand.</p>
<p>The court is expected to hear the case next fall, and its ruling would=
 not affect races to fill congressional seats in the November election.</=
p>
<p>Utah lost a separate census challenge last year, when the high court r=
efused to hear complaints that the census wrongly excluded Mormon mission=
aries working overseas.</p>
<p>In the latest Utah case, a panel of three federal judges voted 2-1 in =
November to dismiss the state's lawsuit challenging the household estimat=
ion technique.</p>
<p>The lower court said it is reasonable to assume that households in the=
 same neighborhood will be of similar size.</p>
<p>In its appeal to the Supreme Court, the state argued that the phrase `=
`actual enumeration'' means the Constitution's framers specifically ruled=
 out guesswork.</p>
<p>``There simply is no plausible understanding of the term,'' that would=
 permit the use of estimated numbers in apportioning House seats, lawyers=
 for the state wrote.</p>
<p>Utah Attorney General Mark Shurtleff has said the estimation method di=
sproportionately benefited North Carolina, which picked up a seat in Cong=
ress after the head count.</p>
<p>The state also argued the estimation method is little different than a=
nother statistical tool called ``sampling.'' The Supreme Court split 5-4 =
to rule in 1999 that sampled census numbers cannot be used to parcel out =
congressional seats.</p>
<p>The 435 House seats are redistributed according to state population af=
ter each decennial census.</p>
<p>At the time, the Census Bureau and the Democratic Clinton administrati=
on said sampling would help make up for an expected undercount of minorit=
ies in the 2000 head count. Democrats generally support the practice whil=
e Republicans oppose it.</p>
<p>In the current case, the Republican Bush administration defended use o=
f the household estimation technique, and urged the Supreme Court to upho=
ld the lower court.</p>
<p>In the 2000 census, the estimation accounted for less than half a perc=
ent of the total U.S. population. But that may have been enough to give N=
orth Carolina the extra seat.</p>
<p>In the formula used to determine House seats, Utah finished just 857 r=
esidents behind North Carolina, another fast-growing state. The figures g=
ave North Carolina its 13th seat and left Utah with three.</p>
<p>Utah has fought its loss through several courts, and hoped the Supreme=
 Court would accept its appeal as part of the current term. That would ha=
ve meant a ruling by July, in time to affect the fall elections.</p>
<p>The court apparently did not see the same urgency. Results of the cong=
ressional reapportionment are already set, which may lead the court to co=
nclude there is nothing to be settled by continuing with the case.</p>
<p>The Supreme Court affirmed another lower court ruling against Utah in =
November. In that case, Utah claimed that it was unfair to count federal =
workers and military personnel posted overseas while excluding others tem=
porarily living outside the United States.</p>
<p>North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper intervened in both lawsuits=
 in defense of the census results.</p>
<p>^------</p>
<p>On the Net:</p>
<p>Supreme Court: <virtloc id=3D"" idsrc=3D"" value=3D"">http://www.supre=
mecourtus.gov</virtloc></p>
<p>Census Bureau: <virtloc id=3D"" idsrc=3D"" value=3D"">http://www.censu=
s.gov</virtloc></p>
</NYT_TEXT></td></tr><tr><td> =

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