election-law_gl-digest Thursday, February 14 2002 Volume 01 : Number 140
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Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2002 15:45:58 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: State Ordered to Replace Old Vote Machines
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Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
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<title> State Ordered to Replace Old Vote Machines </title>
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<meta name=3D"description" content=3D"A federal judge in Los Angeles on W=
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<SPAN CLASS=3D"cHeadline1">State Ordered to Replace Old Vote Machines</SP=
AN><BR>
<SPAN class=3D"keydeck14"><img src=3D"/images/standard/blackpix.g=
if" hspace=3D"3" vspace=3D"2" height=3D"6" width=3D"6" alt=3D"*"> Ruling:=
Los Angeles and eight other large counties must update equipment by the =
2004 presidential election, federal judge decides.<BR><BR></SPAN>
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By HENRY WEINSTEIN, TIMES STAFF WRITER<BR><BR>
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A federal judge in Los Angeles on Wednesday ruled that California has to =
replace outmoded punch-card voting machines by the 2004 presidential elec=
tion.<BR><BR>U.S. District Judge Stephen V. Wilson's decision is the firs=
t ruling in the nation requiring the elimination of obsolete voting machi=
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</table>The decision immediately affects nine California counties, includ=
ing Los Angeles, which have about 8 million registered voters. Wilson rej=
ected the position of California Secretary of State Bill Jones and severa=
l county voting officials who said that they did not have the millions of=
dollars needed to upgrade their systems and that it was not feasible to =
make a change until 2005.<BR><BR>The judge issued a one-sentence order an=
d attorneys said they anticipated he would provide a more detailed ruling=
later. A lawsuit over the machines had been set for trial Feb. 19.<BR><B=
R>The ruling was hailed by Daniel Tokaji, an attorney for the American Ci=
vil Liberties Union of Southern California, which last year filed the law=
suit seeking to compel elimination of the machines.<BR><BR>"This landmark=
decision means that by 2004, 'hanging chad' machines will go the way of =
black-and-white TVs, eight-track tapes and the Edsel," Tokaji said. "It d=
oes what the secretary of state should have done years ago: upgrade the i=
nfrastructure of our democracy by providing a voting system fit for use i=
n the 21st century."<BR><BR>The ACLU attorney said he hopes that the plai=
ntiffs can now work out a consent decree with Jones that would provide a =
plan for the transition to newer, high-tech machines.<BR><BR>Jones conced=
ed last September that two types of punch-card voting machines approved f=
or use in California were "obsolete" and needed to be replaced.<BR><BR>Ho=
wever, in December, Jones said that it would "invite disaster" if some of=
the state's large counties were required to change systems by the 2004 p=
residential election.<BR><BR>On Wednesday, Jones, who is running for gove=
rnor in the Republican primary, said Judge Wilson "has set a deadline tha=
t may be impossible for counties to meet with advanced voting technology.=
Several counties will have to scale back plans to adopt state-of-the art=
technology to meet the new deadline."<BR><BR>Jones also said that unless=
California voters pass Proposition 41--a $200-million bond measure that =
would provide 3-to-1 matching grants to California counties for the purch=
ase of new election equipment--on March 5, "many counties will be unable =
to purchase new systems at all."<BR><BR>State May Appeal or Seek a Stay<B=
R><BR>Jones spokesman Alfie Charles said the secretary of state would dec=
ide whether to appeal the ruling after consulting with county voting offi=
cials. Other political sources said they believe that Jones will ask for =
a stay of the ruling.<BR><BR>Conny McCormack, Los Angeles County's regist=
rar-recorder, predicted that "the ruling will throw our Los Angeles Count=
y election system into chaos."<BR><BR>"Requiring us to procure, test and =
install a new system in less than two years precludes us from replacing p=
unch cards with modern touch screens because there are no funds currently=
available from the federal, state or county government to do so," McCorm=
ack said.<BR><BR>She said attempting to make a transition more rapidly th=
an is feasible could lead to more tabulating errors in the next election.=
<BR><BR>"The ultimate irony is this would be the exact opposite outcome o=
f that sought by the plaintiffs," McCormack said.<BR><BR>But Tokaji said =
evidence developed in the lawsuit, Common Cause vs. Jones, "shows that th=
e nine affected California counties can easily upgrade their systems" in =
time for the 2004 presidential election.<BR><BR>Los Angeles is the larges=
t of the nine California counties that use the punch-card machines.<BR><B=
R>In the November 2000 presidential election, 53.4% of California voters,=
including those in Los Angeles County, used machines for "pre-scored" pu=
nch cards, similar to those that created some of the problems with hangin=
g and "pregnant" chads in Florida. Ballots cast using those machines acco=
unted for 74.8% of all ballots that did not register a vote for president=
in California.<BR><BR>The error rate for those machines was more than do=
uble that of any other system used in the state and three times as high a=
s in Riverside County, which used high-tech touch-screen machines, accord=
ing to the suit filed last April by the ACLU.<BR><BR>The suit alleged tha=
t the wide variety of voting machines used in California resulted in shar=
ply disparate levels of accuracy, with the consequence that a disproporti=
onate number of votes are not counted in some counties--including Los Ang=
eles.<BR><BR>Moreover, the suit, filed on behalf of five nonprofit groups=
and eight voters, asserted that "a disproportionate number of African Am=
erican, Latino and Asian American voters do not have their votes counted =
at all."<BR><BR>Officials Admit There Are Problems<BR><BR>Since the suit =
was filed, voting officials throughout the state have acknowledged there =
are problems with the punch-card machines and said they should be replace=
d, but have expressed reservations about how fast change can be made, pri=
marily due to a lack of funds.<BR><BR>McCormack said it would cost $90 mi=
llion to $100 million to implement a touch-screen voting system in Los An=
geles County. She said there are only four companies in California certif=
ied to make the machines.<BR><BR>"It is incredibly difficult," she said, =
to make a machine with the seven languages now used in California electio=
ns--English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and Tagalog.<=
BR><BR>She said that if Proposition 41 passes, the county might get about=
$75 million from the state. However, she said that the county would stil=
l have to pay a quarter of the project's costs, and that she had no idea =
where that $25 million would come from.<BR><BR>McCormack said that when t=
he county issued a request for proposals seeking bidders to make a limite=
d number of such machines for an experiment in 2000, it drew only two bid=
s.<BR><BR>Al Fawcett, director of administrative services for the Sacrame=
nto County registrar of voters, also said that it would be difficult for =
that county to modernize its system in time for the next presidential ele=
ction.<BR><BR>"We are looking at a cost of $20 million to $30 million," F=
awcett said. "There is no money and none on the horizon."<BR><BR>In addit=
ion to Los Angeles and Sacramento counties, the outmoded systems are in u=
se in Alameda, Mendocino, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Clara, Shasta =
and Solano counties.<BR><BR>In December, the House of Representatives pas=
sed a bill which allocates $2.65 billion over three years to improve voti=
ng technology, education and training. A bill pending in the U.S. Senate =
would give the states $3.4 billion over five years for the same purpose.<=
BR><BR>In addition to Common Cause, the AFL-CIO, the Chicano Federation o=
f San Diego County, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the =
Southwest Voter Registration Project were plaintiffs in the suit.
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