election-law_gl-digest Tuesday, February 26 2002 Volume 01 : Number 149
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 21:49:33 -0800
From: Adam Winkler <winkler@ucla.edu>
Subject: Re: Shays-Meehan
Thanks to Michael Malbin for clarifying the CFI eGuide, both on the
web and to the list. The dueling sections 203 & 204 of Shays-Meehan
are far too confusing, as the discussion on this list by some top
election lawyers indicates. I'm sure everyone on this list is
grateful for Michael's efforts and those of the CFI staff in sorting
out the meaning of Shays-Meehan; I know I am. The eGuide remains an
invaluable vehicle for updating and informing a dispersed group of
election lawyers around the country. Nice job on a hard task. -Adam
Winkler
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 09:49:28 EST
From: Holman@aol.com
Subject: Re: Congressional District maps
- --part1_76.1807b703.29acfa78_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Ed:
I have just been doing some research on congressional districts. The U.S.
Geological Survey provides an on-line map of all congressional districts. The
maps are available for the 107th Congress and subsequent years. You have to
be able to download the map in either Shapefile format or SDTS format to read
it. It is available at [www.nationalatlas.gov/cgd107m.htm]
This raises my own question: it appears to be the case that no one has
compiled voter turnout figures for congressional districts nationwide (based
on voter registration data rather than voting age population). Can anyone
prove me wrong on this?
Craig Holman
Brennan Center for Justice
New York University
161 Avenue of the Americas
12th Floor
New York, NY 10013
TEL: 212.992.8642
FAX: 212.995.4550
Holman@aol.com
- --part1_76.1807b703.29acfa78_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">Ed:<BR>
<BR>
I have just been doing some research on congressional districts. The U.S. Geological Survey provides an on-line map of all congressional districts. The maps are available for the 107th Congress and subsequent years. You have to be able to download the map
in either Shapefile format or SDTS format to read it. It is available at [www.nationalatlas.gov/cgd107m.htm]<BR>
<BR>
This raises my own question: it appears to be the case that no one has compiled voter turnout figures for congressional districts nationwide (based on voter registration data rather than voting age population). Can anyone prove me wrong on this?<BR>
<BR>
Craig Holman<BR>
Brennan Center for Justice<BR>
New York University<BR>
161 Avenue of the Americas<BR>
12th Floor<BR>
New York, NY 10013<BR>
TEL: 212.992.8642<BR>
FAX: 212.995.4550<BR>
Holman@aol.com</FONT></HTML>
- --part1_76.1807b703.29acfa78_boundary--
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 10:16:44 -0600
From: Dave Rausch <JRausch@mail.wtamu.edu>
Subject: Congressional district turnout
It's rather clunky, but it is possible to get the 2000 turnout for each
congressional district through the Center for Voting and Democracy's
webpage.
http://www.fairvote.org/reports/
Dave Rausch
- --
Dave Rausch, Ph.D.
Asst. Professor of Political Science
Dept. of History/Political Science
West Texas A&M University
Canyon, TX 79016-0001
(806) 651-2423 Fax: (806) 651-2601
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 10:34:14 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Watchtower oral argument
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
- --------------DD8AF06138B40C9A674D1CFF
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Here's the AP report on the Watchtower case, a Supreme Court
anonymity case that may have bearing on campaign finance
disclosure laws. (In the interest of disclosure, I
co-authored an amicus brief with attorneys at the Brennan
Center for Justice in this case on the campaign finance
issues.)
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html
- --
Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
- --------------DD8AF06138B40C9A674D1CFF
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1;
name="AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: inline;
filename="AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html"
Content-Base: "http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/nation
al/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.htm
l"
Content-Location: "http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/nation
al/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.htm
l"
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"/>
<html><head> <!--PLS_META--> <!--Knews2 Document --> <script src=3D"/js/c=
sssniff.js"></script> =
<script language=3D"JavaScript">
<!-- hide
function FrameThis () {
if (top.frames.length !=3D 0) {
top.location =3D document.URL
}
}
function nameIt() {
window.name =3D 'nytimesmain';
if (navigator.appName =3D=3D "Microsoft Internet Explorer") {
document.all.globalsearchform.style.visibility =3D "visible";
}
}
// -->
</script>
<script language=3D"javascript">
function pop_me_up(pURL, features){ =
new_window =3D window.open(pURL, "popup_window", features);
new_window.focus();
} =
</script>
<script>
function changeImage(image_name,image_src) {
document.images[image_name].src =3D image_src;
}
</script>
<script language=3D"JavaScript">
function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0
eval(targ+".location=3D'"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'=
"); if
(restore) selObj.selectedIndex=3D0; } //
</script> =
<meta name=3D"NYT_HEADLINE" content=3D"Supreme Court Eyes Solicitation O=
rdinance">
<meta name=3D"hdl" content=3D"Supreme Court Eyes Solicitation Ordinance"=
<meta name=3D"BY_LINE" content=3D"By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS">
<meta name=3D"byl" content=3D"By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS">
<meta name=3D"FIRSTPAR" content=3D" Jehovah's Witnesses challenged an Oh=
io town's ordinance on door-to-door soliciting before the Supreme Court t=
oday.">
<meta name=3D"lp" content=3D" Jehovah's Witnesses challenged an Ohio tow=
n's ordinance on door-to-door soliciting before the Supreme Court today."=
<meta name=3D"SECTION" content=3D"National">
<meta name=3D"SUBSECTION" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"SOURCE" content=3D"AP">
<meta name=3D"cre" content=3D"AP">
<meta name=3D"DISPLAYDATE" content=3D"February 26, 2002">
<meta name=3D"pdate" content=3D"20020226">
<!--Times index meta tags -->
<meta name=3D"ttl" content=3D""> =
<meta name=3D"virtloc" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"des" content=3D"Christians and Christianity;Freedom of Sp=
eech and Expression;Privacy">
<meta name=3D"per" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"org" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"geo" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"ticker" content=3D"">
<!--New meta tags -->
<meta name=3D"dat" content=3D"February 26, 2002">
<meta name=3D"tom" content=3D"News">
<meta name=3D"cat" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"col" content=3D"">
<meta NAME=3D"ARTICLE_TEMPLATE_VERSION" CONTENT=3D"300"> =
<meta name=3D"dsk" content=3D"National">
<!-- context ad setup -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<TITLE>Supreme Court Eyes Solicitation Ordinance</TITLE><!-- context ad r=
eference Top5 -->
</head>
<!--plsfield:NYT_INLINE-->
=
<body marginheight=3D"5" marginwidth=3D"0" leftmargin=3D"0" topmargin=3D=
"5" link=3D"#000066" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" alink=3D"#990000" vlink=3D"#4444=
64" onload=3D"nameIt()">
<a name=3D"top"></a> =
<NYT_HEADER>
=
<table width=3D"768" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"><tr=
<td colspan=3D"6" width=3D"768" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" height=3D"5"><IMG sr=
c=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"768" h=
eight=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"8"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" height=3D"5" =
border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"280" valign=3D"bottom"><NYT_HEADER_IMAGE>=
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/pages/aponline/index.html"><IMG src=3D"=
http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/header/apindex.gif" width=3D"=
231" height=3D"25" border=3D"0" alt=3D"A.P. Index"/></a></NYT_HEADER_IMAG=
E></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#000000"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.n=
ytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/=
</td><td width=3D"6" rowspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"6" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><=
td width=3D"468" rowspan=3D"3"><!-- context ad reference Top -->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/19134/Top/nytsit5=
9b/468_final1.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"http://=
graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytsit59b/468_final1.gif" B=
ORDER=3D0 468x60 ALT=3D"" ></A></td><td width=3D"5" rowspan=3D"3"><IMG sr=
c=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"5" hei=
ght=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"8" height=3D"1"><IMG s=
rc=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" he=
ight=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td height=3D"1" width=3D"280" bgcolor=3D"#=
000000"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" =
width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#0=
00000"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" w=
idth=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"8"><IMG =
src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" h=
eight=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"280" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D=
"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"280" heigh=
t=3D"7" border=3D"0"/><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com"><IMG src=3D"http=
://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/header/NytArticleHeader.gif" widt=
h=3D"122" height=3D"21" border=3D"0" alt=3D"The New York Times"/></a></td=
<td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#000000"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes=
=2Ecom/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></t=
d></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"6" width=3D"768" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" height=3D"=
7"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=
=3D"768" height=3D"7" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"6" width=
=3D"768" bgcolor=3D"#000000" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.ny=
times.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"768" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"=
/></td></tr></table></NYT_HEADER><table border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" width=3D"768"><tr> <td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"98" align=3D=
"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#CCCCCC"> <NYT_GLOBAL_NAV><table width=3D=
"98" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF"=
<tr><td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes=
=2Ecom/images/global/global_nav/gn_home.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" b=
order=3D"0" alt=3D"Home"></a></td></tr><!---->
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/jobs/index.html"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/jobs.gif" width=
=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Find a Job"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/realestate/index.html"><IMG src=3D"ht=
tp://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/realestat=
e.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Real Estate"></a></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/automobiles/index.html"><IMG src=3D"h=
ttp://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/automobi=
les.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Automobiles"></a>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_news.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Ne=
ws"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/world/index.html">International</a></font>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/national/index.html">National</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td valign=3D"top" align=3D"left" width=3D"10"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D=
"arial,helvetica,sans serif" size=3D"1">-</font></td>
<td align=3D"left" width=3D"83"><a href=3D"/pages/national/columns/index.=
html"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif" size=3D"1">=
Columns</font></a></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/national/dayofterror/index.html">Nation Ch=
allenged</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/politics/index.html">Politics</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/business/index.html">Business</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/technology/index.html">Technology</a></fon=
t></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/science/index.html">Science</a></font></td=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/health/index.html">Health</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/sports/index.html">Sports</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/olympics/index.html">Winter Olympics</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/nyregion/index.html">New York Region</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/education/index.html">Education</a></font>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/weather/">Weather</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/obituaries/index.html">Obituaries</a></fon=
t></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/pageone/index.html">NYT Front Page</a></fo=
nt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/corrections.html">Corrections</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_opinion.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Opinion"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/opinion/index.html">Editorials/Op-Ed</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://forums.nytimes.com/comment/">Readers' Opin=
ions</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http://gra=
phics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" borde=
r=3D"0"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"5" bo=
rder=3D"0"/><br><NYT_NAV_AD><!-- context ad reference Bottom3 -->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/5406/Bottom3/nyts=
it59/EDULIFE-86x60-2.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"=
http://graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytsit59/EDULIFE-86x=
60-2.gif" BORDER=3D0 Other ALT=3D"" ></A></NYT_NAV_AD><br><IMG src=3D"htt=
p://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1=
" border=3D"0"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_features.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Features"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/arts/index.html">Arts</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/books/index.html">Books</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/movies/index.html">Movies</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/travel/index.html">Travel</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/dining/index.html">Dining & Wine</a></font=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/garden/index.html">Home & Garden</a></font=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/fashion/index.html">Fashion & Style</a></f=
ont></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/nytoday/index.html">New York Today</a></fo=
nt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/diversions">Crossword/Games</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/diversions/cartoons/">Cartoons</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/library/magazine/home/">Magazine</a></font></td>=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/weekinreview/index.html">Week in Review</a=
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/library/photos/index.html">Photos</a></font></td=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/college/index.html">College</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/learning">Learning Network</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_services.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Services"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/">Archive</a></f=
ont></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/classified/">Classifieds</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/services/nytmobile/">NYT Mobile</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/nytstore/">NYT Store</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://postcards.nytimes.com/specials/postcards/"=
E-Cards & More</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://www.nytdigital.com/">About NYTDigital</a><=
/font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://www.nytdigital.com/work/job.html">Jobs at =
NYTDigital</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/adinfo/">Online Media Kit</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/adinfo/web_advertisers.html">Our Advertisers</a>=
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan=3D"3"> <IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/gl=
obal/global_nav/profile.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"17" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Your Profile"/></td></tr><tr> <td width=3D"5"><spacer type=3D"block" wid=
th=3D"5" height=3D"1"></td> <td colspan=3D"2"> <font class=3D"nav" face=3D=
"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/mem/profile.html">Yo=
ur Profile</a><br> <a href=3D"/mem/email.html">E-Mail Preferences</a><br>=
<a href=3D"/mem/tnt.html">News Tracker</a><br> <a href=3D"/membercenter/=
premiumaccount.html">Premium Account</a><br> <a href=3D"/membercenter/sit=
ehelp.html">Site Help</a> </font> </td></tr><tr><td height=3D"5" colspan=3D=
"3"><spacer type=3D"block" width=3D"1" height=3D"5"></td></tr><tr> <td co=
lspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global=
_nav/gn_newspaper.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D"New=
spaper"></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td width=3D"5"> </td> <td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" fa=
ce=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size=3D"1"><!---->
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/homedelivery-subscribe">Home Delivery</=
a><!---->
<br><a href=3D"http://homedelivery.nytimes.com">Customer Service</a><!---=
- ->
<br><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ee">Electronic Edition</a><!---->
<br><a href=3D"http://nytadvertising.nytimes.com">Media Kit</a></font></t=
d></tr><!---->
<tr><!---->
<td height=3D"5" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/i=
mages/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><=
!---->
</NYT_GLOBAL_NAV><tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" bo=
rder=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/=
spacer.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><!---->
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif"=
size=3D"1"><!---->
<a href=3D"/info/help/textpath.html">Text Version</a><br></font></td></tr=
<!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3"><!-- context ad reference Bottom5 -->
</td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td height=3D"5" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td><=
/tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
</table> </td> <td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#999999" align=3D=
"left" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/mis=
c/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td colspan=3D"=
6" width=3D"669" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><!--Global search start --=
<map name=3D"GlobalTools"> <area shape=3D"rect" coords=3D"194,0,233,12" =
alt=3D"Tips" href=3D"#"> <area shape=3D"rect" coords=3D"66,0,182,12" href=
=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/" alt=3D"Go to Advanced Search">
</map><table width=3D"669" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0"> <form action=3D"http://query.nytimes.com/search/query" method=3D"get=
"> <tr><td colspan=3D"4"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"200" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" alt=3D" "/></td>=
</tr><tr><td width=3D"481" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D=
"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_01.gif" w=
idth=3D"481" height=3D"13" border=3D"0" usemap=3D"#GlobalTools" alt=3D"Se=
arch Options"/></td><td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" val=
ign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global=
_search/tools_02.gif" width=3D"2" height=3D"45" alt=3D"divide"/></td><td =
rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"185" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"> =
<table width=3D"185" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
">
<tr> =
<td width=3D"137" valign=3D"top"><a href=3D"http://www.nytime=
s.com/membercenter"><img src=3D"http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global=
/global_search/tools_03.gif" width=3D"137" height=3D"22" border=3D"0" alt=
=3D"go to Member Center"/></a></td>
<td width=3D"48" valign=3D"top"><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes=
=2Ecom/logout"><img src=3D"http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global/glob=
al_search/tools_04.gif" width=3D"48" height=3D"22" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Lo=
g Out"/></a></td>
</tr>
<tr> =
<td colspan=3D"2" width=3D"185">
<font face=3D"arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color=3D"#990000" size=
=3D"2"><nobr> Welcome, <a href=3D"/mem/profile.html">lklein3b<=
/a></nobr></font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td><td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"t=
op"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/=
tools_05.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"45"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"481" =
bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"><table width=3D"481" border=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3"><tr><td width=3D"7"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"=
7" height=3D"3" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td valign=3D"middle" width=3D=
"130"><input type=3D"text" name=3D"query" size=3D"20" value=3D""/></td><t=
d width=3D"7"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer=
=2Egif" width=3D"7" height=3D"3" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D=
"100" valign=3D"middle"> <span id=3D"globalsearchform"> <select name=3D"=
date"> <option value=3D"today">Today's News <option value=3D"site1week">P=
ast Week <option value=3D"past30days" selected=3D"">Past 30 Days <option =
value=3D"past90days">Past 90 Days <option value=3D"past365days">Past Year=
<option value=3D"full">Since 1996 </select> </span> </td><td width=3D"7"=
<IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D=
"7" height=3D"31" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D"74" valign=3D"=
middle"><input type=3D"image" name=3D"submit" value=3D"Search" src=3D"htt=
p://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/gs_submit_2.gif" wid=
th=3D"18" height=3D"19" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Submit"/></td><td width=3D"15=
6"><!-- context ad reference Middle1 -->
</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"481"><IMG src=3D"http://grap=
hics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_05.gif" width=3D"481"=
height=3D"1" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D"2"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4=
=2Enytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_05.gif" width=3D"185" he=
ight=3D"1" alt=3D""/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"669" height=3D"5" colspan=
=3D"4" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/image=
s/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"200" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></f=
orm></table><!--Global Search end --></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"10" align=
=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"10" height=3D"900" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=
=3D"472" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table width=3D"462" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" valign=3D"top"><tr><td align=3D"left"=
valign=3D"top"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" w=
idth=3D"462"><tr><td width=3D"147"><A HREF=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-b=
in/email?REFURI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jeho=
vahs-Witnesses.html"> <a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFU=
RI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesse=
s.html"> <IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/function=
s/emailArticle2.gif" width=3D"147" align=3D"top" height=3D"19" border=3D"=
0" alt=3D"E-Mail This Article"/> </a> </a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnes=
ses.html?pagewanted=3Dprint"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ima=
ges/article/functions/printArticle2.gif" width=3D"131" height=3D"19" bord=
er=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"Printer-Friendly Format"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"184" rowspan=3D"2"><!-- context ad reference Position1 -->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE =3D "JavaScript">
// <!--
document.cookie =3D "EmailAd=3Deta-blank; path=3D/; domain=3D.nytimes.com=
";
window.onerror=3Dnull;
// -->
</script>
<img src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/k2_eta_line.gif" border=3D0>=
</td></tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"147"><a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/poppage"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/mostEmai=
led2.gif" width=3D"147" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"M=
ost E-Mailed Articles"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnes=
ses.html?pagewanted=3Dall"> </a></td></tr><!---->
</table><!---->
</td></tr><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"> <p></p> <p></p> <NY=
T_DATE><font size=3D"-1"><strong>February 26, 2002</strong></font><br></N=
YT_DATE><NYT_KICKER></NYT_KICKER><NYT_HEADLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" =
"><h2>Supreme Court Eyes Solicitation Ordinance</h2></NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_B=
YLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" "><h5>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS</h5></NYT_B=
YLINE><NYT_LINKS_ONSITE version=3D"1.0" type=3D"main"> <!--Error: there a=
re no nyt_urls associated with this article, error # variables.errno --> =
<table align=3D"right" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0"><=
!---->
<tr><td width=3D"9" rowspan=3D"99"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.c=
om/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"10" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><=
/tr><!---->
<tr><td colspan=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/art=
icle/new_relatedArticles.gif" width=3D"184" height=3D"22" border=3D"0" al=
ign=3D"center" alt=3D"Related Articles"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#cccccc"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nyti=
mes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></=
td><td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/s=
pacer.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"172">=
<font face=3D"Times,Times New Roman,Serif" size=3D"-1"><p><strong>In Dept=
h</strong><br>
<a href=3D"/ref/national/INDEX-CRIME.html">Crime and Courts</a></font><br=
<br></td><td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images=
/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D=
"1" bgcolor=3D"#cccccc"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/m=
isc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0""/></td></tr><tr><td=
width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#cccccc"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com=
/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td =
width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.g=
if" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"172"><font f=
ace=3D"Times,Times New Roman, serif" size=3D"-1"><a href=3D"/aponline/nat=
ional/AP-Scotus-Rights.html">Supreme Court Rules on Two Cases</a> (Febru=
ary 26, 2002) </font><br><br><font face=3D"Times,Times New Roman, serif" =
size=3D"-1"><a href=3D"/2002/02/26/national/26SCOT.html">Supreme Court We=
ighs States' Sovereignty</a> (February 26, 2002) </font><br><br></td><td=
width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.=
gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D=
"#cccccc"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif=
" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0""/></td></tr><!---->
<tr><td colspan=3D"5" height=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#cccccc"><IMG src=3D"http:/=
/graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" b=
order=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"5"> <NYT_AD_REF AD=3D"Middle5"><!-- context ad refere=
nce Middle5 -->
</NYT_AD_REF> </td> </tr></table><!---->
</NYT_LINKS_ONSITE>
<!--plsfield:TEXT-->
<NYT_TEXT >
<p><b>Filed at 1:10 p.m. ET</b></p>
<p></p>
<p>WASHINGTON (AP) -- A skeptical Supreme Court questioned Tuesday whethe=
r the government may require a permit before anyone from a vacuum salesma=
n to a Halloween trick-or-treater can ring a doorbell unannounced.</p>
<p>The tiny village of Stratton, Ohio, requires permits for any door-to-d=
oor activity. The town calls it protection for elderly residents who do n=
ot want to be bothered, but the Jehovah's Witnesses call it an unconstitu=
tional limit on free speech.</p>
<p>``You think it's a beautiful idea that I have to ask the government fo=
r permission before I can go down the street ... and say, 'I want to talk=
to you about the situation with garbage pickup?''' an incredulous Justic=
e Anthony M. Kennedy asked the town's lawyer. ``That's astounding.''</p>
<p>Justice Antonin Scalia mockingly read a portion of the town ordinance =
that refers to the ``privilege'' of door-to-door solicitation.</p>
<p>``Privilege?'' he exclaimed by way of implying that speaking one's min=
d is a protected right, not a privilege that the government can grant or =
deny.</p>
<p>Justice Sandra Day O'Connor drew laughter by asking about a trick-or-t=
reater, or a Christmas caroler.</p>
<p>``The purpose is to prevent annoyance of the property owner,'' town la=
wyer Abraham Cantor said.</p>
<p>Lawyers for the church contend that Jehovah's Witnesses need no one's =
permission to pursue what the church views as its mission to take religio=
n to others' doorsteps.</p>
<p>Mormons, Independent Baptist Churches of America, Gun Owners of Americ=
a and the American Civil Liberties Union are among more than a dozen orga=
nizations that signed friend-of-the-court briefs supporting the church.</=
p>
<p>The National League of Cities and other municipal representatives back=
Stratton.</p>
<p>The Supreme Court is expected to rule by July on the church's appeal o=
f a federal court ruling that upheld the permit rules as evenhanded.</p>
<p>The court already has held that the Constitution gives people the righ=
t to distribute anonymous campaign literature, and a ruling for the churc=
h in this case would extend that right to anonymous door-to-door soliciti=
ng for any cause.</p>
<p>Stratton's ordinance requires that permits be obtained in advance befo=
re anyone can solicit at a private home. It applies to commercial salesme=
n, school groups selling candy bars or political candidates eager to shak=
e hands. The solicitor must carry the permit for display to any resident =
who asks.</p>
<p>Attorneys for the Jehovah's Witnesses said the town of roughly 300 peo=
ple passed the ordinance in 1998 to keep away members of the faith from a=
church in a neighboring town. Stratton's mayor then told a group of Jeho=
vah's Witnesses they were not permitted in the town, and people had moved=
to Stratton to get away from them, the lawyers said.</p>
<p>Church lawyers said similar permit requirements have popped up in othe=
r jurisdictions over the years. Neither the church nor First Amendment sc=
holars keep track of how many localities have such requirements.</p>
<p>Village leaders said permits are free, and nobody has ever been denied=
one. The ordinance is reasonable in ``weighing the First Amendment right=
s of canvassers against the right of homeowners to security, privacy and =
peacefulness in their homes,'' they told the Supreme Court.</p>
<p>The Constitution's First Amendment guarantees both free speech and the=
free exercise of religion.</p>
<p>The case is Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc. v. Vil=
lage of Stratton, Ohio, et al., 00-1737.</p>
</NYT_TEXT></td></tr><tr><td> =
<!--plsfield:NYT_FOOTER-->
<br><br><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"=
100%"><tr><td align=3D"left"><NYT_FOOTER_LINKS><font size=3D"-1"> <a href=
=3D"/">Home</a> | <a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/pages/aponline/index.=
html">Back to A.P.</a> | <a href=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/">Se=
arch</a> | <a href=3D"/membercenter/sitehelp.html">Help</a></font></NYT_F=
OOTER_LINKS></td><td align=3D"right"><font size=3D"-1"><a href=3D"#top">B=
ack to Top</a></font></td></tr></table><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><table c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"462"><tr><td wid=
th=3D"147"><A HREF=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=3Dhttp:/=
/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html"> <a=
href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html"> <IMG src=3D"htt=
p://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/emailArticle2.gif" wid=
th=3D"147" align=3D"top" height=3D"19" border=3D"0" alt=3D"E-Mail This Ar=
ticle"/> </a> </a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnes=
ses.html?pagewanted=3Dprint"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ima=
ges/article/functions/printArticle2.gif" width=3D"131" height=3D"19" bord=
er=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"Printer-Friendly Format"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"184" rowspan=3D"2"><!-- context ad reference Position1 -->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE =3D "JavaScript">
// <!--
document.cookie =3D "EmailAd=3Deta-blank; path=3D/; domain=3D.nytimes.com=
";
window.onerror=3Dnull;
// -->
</script>
<img src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/k2_eta_line.gif" border=3D0>=
</td></tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"147"><a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/poppage"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/mostEmai=
led2.gif" width=3D"147" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"M=
ost E-Mailed Articles"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnes=
ses.html?pagewanted=3Dall"> </a></td></tr><!---->
</table><!---->
</td></tr></table></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"6" align=3D"left" valig=
n=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif=
" height=3D"1" width=3D"6" border=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"=
1" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#999999"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" height=3D"1" width=3D"1" bor=
der=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"6" align=3D"left" valign=3D"to=
p"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" heigh=
t=3D"1" width=3D"6" border=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"184" al=
ign=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" bo=
rder=3D"0" width=3D"184"><tr><td> <center><!-- context ad reference Right=
2 -->
<br></center> </td></tr><tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad referen=
ce Right3 -->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/10705/Right3/nytn=
yt153/DB-140_Final.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"ht=
tp://graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytnyt153/DB-140_Final=
=2Egif" BORDER=3D0 Other ALT=3D"" ></A><br></td> </tr><tr><td><IMG src=3D=
"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/advertiser_links.gif" width=3D"=
184" height=3D"16" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Advertiser Links"/><br><!-- contex=
t ad reference Right5 -->
<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/9905/Right5/nytlks0=
5/tot_txt.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?http://www.nytimes.com/timestopics/">Disc=
over New<br>Topics of the Times</a></font><br><br><!-- context ad referen=
ce Right6 -->
<br><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/21231/Right6/orbitz=
03-nyt4/textlink3.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?2002.02.26.18.36.49">Find More Lo=
w Fares!<br>Experience Orbitz!</a></font><br>
<br><!-- context ad reference Right7 -->
<br><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/20600/Right7/britai=
r38-nyt4/textlink.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?_RM_REDIR_=3Dhttp://ad.doubleclic=
k.net/clk%3B3788777%3B6801396%3Bf%3Fhttps://www.britishairways.com/region=
al/usa/offers/winterpromo/index.shtml?src=3DNYT2">Fly the flat bed and<br=
get two free tickets!</a></font><br><br><!-- context ad reference Right8=
-->
</td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"2" align=
=3D"center"><NYT_FOOTER> <table cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" borde=
r=3D"0" width=3D"472"> <tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad referenc=
e Bottom1 -->
<table width=3D"468" border=3D"0">
<tr> =
<td width=3D"84"><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/clic=
k_lx.ads/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.h=
tml/1976/Bottom1/nytcirST/ee_circ.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?https://secure-ho=
medelivery.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic+FTContentServer?pagename=3D=
user/NewsStand/TransitionP&ExternalMediaCode=3DNB1AF"><img src=3D"http://=
graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/circulation/ee_79x50.gif" width=3D"79" height=3D=
"50" border=3D0></a></td>
<td width=3D"381"> =
<p align=3D"left">
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.ny=
times.com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/559/Bottom1=
/nytcirST/ee_circ.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?https://secure-homedelivery.nytim=
es.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic+FTContentServer?pagename=3Duser/NewsStand/=
TransitionP&ExternalMediaCode=3DNB1AF"><font color=3D"#0000FF">Click Here=
</font></a> <font color=3D"#000000">to receive an introductory offer to T=
he New York Times Electronic Edition. </font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br></td> </tr><tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad reference Bottom=
-->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Scotus-Jehovahs-Witnesses.html/14519/Bottom/nyts=
it59b/468_final1b.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"htt=
p://graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytsit59b/468_final1b.g=
if" BORDER=3D0 468x60 ALT=3D"" ></A></td> </tr><tr><td align=3D"center"><=
font size=3D"-1"><NYT_COPYRIGHT>
<a href=3D"http://www.ap.org/"><font face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" =
color=3D"#000099" size=3D"1">Copyright 2002 The Associated Press</font></=
a><font color=3D"#000099" size=3D"2"> | </font><a href=3D"/ref/membercent=
er/help/privacy.html"><font face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" color=3D"=
#000099" size=3D"1">Privacy Information</font></a>
</NYT_COPYRIGHT><!-- context ad reference Bottom8 -->
</font></td></tr><tr><td><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"472" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></tr> </ta=
ble> </NYT_FOOTER></td></tr></table>
</body>
</html>
- --------------DD8AF06138B40C9A674D1CFF--
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 15:37:40 -0500
From: "Michael Malbin" <mmalbin@cfinst.org>
Subject: Shays-Meehan
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
- ------=_NextPart_000_000C_01C1BEDB.86903EC0
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Thanks to Adam Winkler for his kind words
about the Campaign Finance Institute's eGuide.
We ended up re-re-editing the section on this
subject to make the language more clear. The
two sections are difficult, as many have noted.
Here is the new language, below my signature: both
the short squib from the main eGuide,
www.CFInst.org/eGuide and the longer explanation
to which the user is sent when s/he clicks through.
Both are now posted on the website. I hope this
helps.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Michael J. Malbin
Executive Director
Campaign Finance Institute
1990 M Street NW (Suite 380)
Washington, D.C. 20036
202-969-8890
FAX: 202-969-5612
mmalbin@CFInst.org
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Electioneering" Issue Ads by Non-Profits/PACs
Shays-Meehan/H.R.2356
"Electioneering" issue ads by non-profits/PACs are addressed in
several complex provisions. Taken together, the bill on its face
prohibits electioneering issue ads by any incorporated entity,
including an incorporated 501(c)(4) or 527 PAC/political committee.
However, the electioneering provisions' application to 501(c)(4)s
and 527s may be affected by Supreme Court case law and alternative
provisions in the bill. (For full description of "Electioneering" Issue Ads
by Non-Profits/PACs, click here).
[When you click, this is what you get:]
Electioneering Provisions
Shays-Meehan as passed does the following:
· Definition of Electioneering Communication:
Defines electioneering communication as any broadcast
communication which (1) refers to a clearly identified
candidate for Federal office, (2) is made within 60 days
before a general, special, or runoff election or30 days before
a primary or caucus; and (3) is targeted. Specifically, the bill
defines "targeted electioneering communication" to mean a
federal candidate-specific broadcast communication that can
be received by 50,000 or more persons in the congressional
district or state in which a candidate is running for Congress
or Senate, as applicable. (Section 201, amending 2 USC 434)
· Disclosure: Disclosure provisions apply to any person or entity
that makes electioneering communications of $10,000 or more.
Disclosure of all $1,000 contributors is required as follows:
(Section 201, amending 2 USC 434.)
o Persons or entities that accept corporate, labor or foreign
contributions would have to create a separate fund that accepts
only individual contributions (assuming they are permitted to make
such expenditures in the bill, as interpreted. For a discussion of
this issue, see below.)
o Persons or entities that do not accept such funds would
choose whether to make electioneering expenditures from their
general treasuries or from a separate fund.
§ If a permissible electioneering communication uses
general treasury funds, disclosure of all $1,000 contributors to
the general treasury would be required.
§ If the electioneering communication is paid from a
separate fund, the disclosure would be required only for that fund.
· Prohibition, Exceptions and Exceptions-to-the-Exceptions:
The bill contains a complex series of prohibitions (and exceptions
to the prohibitions) on electioneering expenditures by corporations,
labor unions and nonprofit corporations. These are presented in the
bill in three "layers", for reasons that grow out of their legislative
history.
(1) Ban on Corporate/Union Electioneering Communications:
The basic provision (Section 203, amending 2 USC 441b) prohibits
corporations or unions from making electioneering communications.
It also bans any person or entity from financing electioneering
communications paid from funds that include contributions from
unions or corporations.
(2) Exception for nonprofit corporations [501(c)(4)s] and political
committees [527s] - made inoperative below:
Immediately after the above corporate and labor prohibition, the
bill exempts from the prohibition any 501(c)(4) nonprofit corporation,
or any political committee organized under section 527 of the tax
code - as long as the entity does not take corporate or union funds.
It also exempts any segregated fund created by a 501(c)(4) or 527 if
the segregated fund does not take corporate or union funds.
(Section 203(c)(2), amending 441b).
(3) Wellstone Amendment - Negates the Exemption:
Notwithstanding the above exception (#2), an amendment offered by
Sen. Wellstone (Section 204 of the bill) effectively makes the exemption
inoperative. By doing so, it leaves the bill as if (#1) above were the only
operating paragraph. This raises many interpretive questions,
discussed below.
With the Wellstone Amendment in place, the ban on electioneering
communications by corporations and unions would apply to any
incorporated 501(c)(4) or 527 organization. [Most (c)(4)s are
incorporated; many 527s are not]. Under the bill as now written,
therefore, electioneering communications would appear to be permitted
only by individuals, unincorporated associations, unincorporated
nonprofits or unincorporated political committees. Supporters of the
bill say they expect this not to displace prior court rulings (specifically
Massachusetts Citizens for Life v. FEC). Rather, they say they expect
it to be read by courts to permit electioneering by an incorporated
501(c)(4) or 527 that accepts only individual contributions.
The Wellstone Amendment is especially confusing because it does
not repeal or strike the original exception outright, but maintains both
the operative and inoperative provisions in the final bill. Some have
speculated this multi-layered scheme was devised and left in place
in case the Supreme Court rules the Wellstone Amendment
unconstitutional, with the idea that the statute could then revert to its
original form, with the original Snowe-Jeffords "electioneering"
exemption intact.
If so, it is worth noting that the basic section 203 (#1 and #2 above)
does not require nonprofit 501(c)(4) corporations or "527" political
committees, or their separate funds, to be multi-candidate political
committees (or PACs), within FECA's meaning of that term. As a
result, these electioneering entities would not have to abide by the
FECA's $5,000 annual limitation on how much an individual could
give to a PAC. Organizations that engage in electioneering, without
making contributions or express advocacy expenditures, could accept
unlimited contributions from individuals as long as they were not,
directly or indirectly, contributions from corporations, unions or
foreign sources.
#
- ------=_NextPart_000_000C_01C1BEDB.86903EC0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE></TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DWindows-1252">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2712.300" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Thanks to Adam Winkler for his kind =
words<BR>about=20
the Campaign Finance Institute's eGuide.<BR>We ended up re-r<SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002>e-</SPAN>editing the section on =
this<BR>subject to make=20
the language more clear. The<BR>two sections are difficult, as =
many have=20
noted.<BR>Here is the new language, below my signature: both<BR>the =
short=20
squib <SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002>from</SPAN> the main eGuide, =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><A href=3D"http://www.CFInst.org/eGuide"><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>www.CFInst.org/eGuide</FONT></A><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002></SPAN><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2> </FONT><FONT=20
face=3DArial size=3D2> <SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002>and =
</SPAN>the longer=20
explanation</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D550241520-26022002>to which=20
the user is sent when s/he clicks =
through</SPAN>.</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002></SPAN><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>B<SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002>oth are now posted on the website. I =
hope=20
this</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT><FONT><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002></SPAN><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002></SPAN><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>h<SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002>elps.</SPAN><BR><BR><BR>* * * * * * * * * * * =
* * * *=20
*<BR><BR>Michael J. Malbin<BR>Executive Director<BR>Campaign Finance=20
Institute<BR>1990 M Street NW (Suite 380)<BR>Washington, D.C.=20
20036<BR>202-969-8890<BR>FAX: =
202-969-5612<BR>mmalbin@CFInst.org<BR><BR>* * * *=20
* * * * * * * * * * * *<BR></FONT></DIV></FONT></FONT>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2><FONT face=3DArial></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2><FONT face=3DArial><FONT face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099><STRONG>Electioneering" Issue Ads by=20
Non-Profits/PACs<BR></STRONG></FONT>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><A =
class=3DclSubLinks=20
onfocus=3Dif(this.blur)this.blur() onclick=3D"subfoldmenu(3,1); return =
false"=20
href=3D"http://www.cfinst.org/eguide/issueads.html#"><FONT =
size=3D1><FONT=20
face=3DVerdana><FONT color=3D#000099><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D""=20
src=3D"http://www.cfinst.org/eguide/images/arrow_open.gif" width=3D12 =
border=3D0=20
name=3DimgFold3Sub1></FONT><STRONG><FONT color=3D#cc0000>=20
Shays-Meehan/H.R.2356</FONT></STRONG></FONT></FONT></A><BR><A =
class=3DclSubLinks2=20
onfocus=3Dif(this.blur)this.blur()=20
href=3D"http://www.cfinst.org/eguide/issueads.html#"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>"Electioneering" issue ads by non-profits/PACs =
are=20
addressed in </FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>several complex provisions. Taken together, the =
bill on its=20
face </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>prohibits electioneering issue ads by any =
incorporated=20
entity, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>i</FONT><FONT face=3DVerdana color=3D#000099 =
size=3D1>ncluding an=20
incorporated 501(c)(4) or 527 PAC/political committee. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>However, the electioneering provisions' =
application to=20
501(c)(4)s </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>and 527s may be affected by Supreme Court =
case<SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> </SPAN>law and alternative </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>provisions in the bill. (For full description =
of=20
"Electioneering" Issue Ads </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3DclFoldSub style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; TOP: 19px"><FONT =
face=3DVerdana=20
color=3D#000099 size=3D1>by Non-Profits/PACs, </FONT><A=20
href=3D"http://www.cfinst.org/eguide/update/electioneering.html"><FONT=20
face=3DVerdana size=3D1>click here</FONT></A>). </DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002><FONT face=3DArial>[When you =
click, this is=20
what you get:]</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>Electioneering=20
Provisions</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>Shays-Meehan as =
passed does=20
the following: </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>=B7 Definition of =
Electioneering=20
Communication: <BR>Defines electioneering communication as any broadcast =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>communication =
which (1) refers=20
to a clearly identified </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>candidate for =
Federal office,=20
(2) is made within 60 days </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>before a general, =
special, or=20
runoff election or30 days before </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>a primary or =
caucus; and (3)=20
is targeted. Specifically, the bill </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>defines "targeted=20
electioneering communication" to mean a </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>federal =
candidate-specific=20
broadcast communication that can </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>be received by =
50,000 or more=20
persons in the congressional </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>district or state =
in which a=20
candidate is running for Congress </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>or Senate, as=20
applicable. (Section 201, amending 2 USC 434)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial>=B7 Disclosure: Disclosure=20
provisions apply to any person or entity </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>that makes =
electioneering=20
communications of $10,000 or more. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>Disclosure of all =
$1,000=20
contributors is required as follows: </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>(</FONT><FONT=20
face=3DArial>Section 201, amending 2 USC 434.) </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV><FONT>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial> =20
o Persons or entities that accept corporate, labor or foreign =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>contributions =
would have to=20
create a separate fund that accepts </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>only individual =
contributions=20
(assuming they are permitted to make </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>such expenditures =
in the bill,=20
as interpreted. For a discussion of </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002>t</SPAN>his issue, see below.) =20
</FONT></DIV><FONT>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial></FONT><BR><FONT=20
face=3DArial><SPAN class=3D550241520-26022002> =20
</SPAN>o Persons or entities that do not accept such funds would=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>choose whether to =
make=20
electioneering expenditures from their </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>general treasuries =
or from a=20
separate fund. <BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> &nbs=
p; =20
</SPAN>=A7 If a permissible electioneering communication uses=20
</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>general =
treasury funds,=20
disclosure of all $1,000 contributors to </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>the general =
treasury=20
would be required. <BR></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> &nbs=
p; =20
</SPAN>=A7 If the electioneering communication is paid from a=20
</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT><FONT =
face=3DArial>separate fund, the=20
disclosure would be required only for that fund. =20
</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2></FONT> </H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>=B7 Prohibition,=20
Exceptions and Exceptions-to-the-Exceptions: </FONT></H1></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>The bill contains =
a complex=20
series of prohibitions (and exceptions </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>to the =
prohibitions) on=20
electioneering expenditures by corporations, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>l</FONT><FONT =
face=3DArial>abor=20
unions and nonprofit corporations. These are presented in the=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>bill in three =
"layers", for=20
reasons that grow out of their legislative history.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> </SPAN>(1) Ban =
on=20
Corporate/Union Electioneering Communications: </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>The basic =
provision=20
(Section 203, amending 2 USC 441b) prohibits </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>corporations =
or unions=20
from making electioneering communications. </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>It also bans =
any person=20
or entity from financing electioneering </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT =
face=3DArial>communications paid from=20
funds that include contributions from </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>unions or=20
corporations. </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> =
</SPAN>(2) Exception for=20
nonprofit corporations [501(c)(4)s] and political </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>committees =
[527s] - made=20
inoperative below: </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> =20
</SPAN>I</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>mmediately after =
the above=20
corporate and labor prohibition, the </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>bill exempts =
from the=20
prohibition any 501(c)(4) nonprofit corporation, </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>or any =
political=20
committee organized under section 527 of the tax </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT=20
face=3DArial>c</FONT></FONT><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>ode - as long as =
the entity=20
does not take corporate or union funds. </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>It also =
exempts any=20
segregated fund created by a 501(c)(4) or 527 if </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>the =
segregated fund does=20
not take corporate or union funds. </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>(Section =
203(c)(2),=20
amending 441b). </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D550241520-26022002> =
</SPAN>(3) Wellstone=20
Amendment - Negates the Exemption: </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT =
face=3DArial>Notwithstanding the=20
above exception (#2), an amendment offered by </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>Sen. =
Wellstone (Section=20
204 of the bill) effectively makes the exemption </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT =
face=3DArial>inoperative. By=20
doing so, it leaves the bill as if (#1) above were the only =
</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>operating=20
paragraph. This raises many interpretive questions, =
</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><FONT face=3DArial>discussed =
below.=20
</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>With the Wellstone =
Amendment=20
in place, the ban on electioneering </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>communications by =
corporations=20
and unions would apply to any </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>incorporated =
501(c)(4) or 527=20
organization. [Most (c)(4)s are </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>incorporated; many =
527s are=20
not]. Under the bill as now written, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>therefore, =
electioneering=20
communications would appear to be permitted </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>only by =
individuals,=20
unincorporated associations, unincorporated </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>nonprofits or =
unincorporated=20
political committees. Supporters of the </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>bill say they =
expect this not=20
to displace prior court rulings (specifically </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>Massachusetts =
Citizens for=20
Life v. FEC). Rather, they say they expect </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>it to be read by =
courts to=20
permit electioneering by an incorporated </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>501(c)(4) or 527 =
that accepts=20
only individual contributions.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>The Wellstone =
Amendment is=20
especially confusing because it does </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>not repeal or =
strike the=20
original exception outright, but maintains both </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>the operative and =
inoperative=20
provisions in the final bill. Some have </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>speculated this =
multi-layered=20
scheme was devised and left in place </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>in case the =
Supreme Court=20
rules the Wellstone Amendment </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>unconstitutional, =
with the=20
idea that the statute could then revert to its </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>original form, =
with the=20
original Snowe-Jeffords "electioneering" </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>exemption =
intact. =20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>If so, it is worth =
noting that=20
the basic section 203 (#1 and #2 above) </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>does not require =
nonprofit=20
501(c)(4) corporations or "527" political </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>committees, or =
their separate=20
funds, to be multi-candidate political </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>committees (or =
PACs), within=20
FECA's meaning of that term. As a </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>result, these =
electioneering=20
entities would not have to abide by the </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>FECA's $5,000 =
annual=20
limitation on how much an individual could </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>give to a =
PAC. =20
Organizations that engage in electioneering, without </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>making =
contributions or=20
express advocacy expenditures, could accept </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>unlimited =
contributions from=20
individuals as long as they were not, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>directly or =
indirectly,=20
contributions from corporations, unions or </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=3DArial>foreign=20
sources. <BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><SPAN =
class=3D550241520-26022002><FONT=20
face=3DArial>#</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT><SPAN =
class=3D550241520-26022002><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV></FONT></SPAN></FONT></BODY></HTML=
- ------=_NextPart_000_000C_01C1BEDB.86903EC0--
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 16:12:47 -0500
From: "Michael Malbin" <mmalbin@cfinst.org>
Subject: Shays-Meehan
Thanks to Adam Winkler for his kind
words about the Campaign Finance
Institute's eGuide. We ended up
re-re-editing the section on Snowe-Jeffords
and Wellstone to make the language more
clear. The two sections are difficult,
as many have noted, but the reading may
become easier when you see how they are
"layered". Here is the new language,
below my signature: both the short
squib from the main eGuide,
www.CFInst.org/eGuide and the longer
explanation to which the user is sent
when s/he clicks through. Both are
now posted on the website. I hope this
helps.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Michael J. Malbin
Executive Director
Campaign Finance Institute
1990 M Street NW (Suite 380)
Washington, D.C. 20036
202-969-8890
FAX: 202-969-5612
mmalbin@CFInst.org
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Electioneering" Issue Ads by Non-Profits/PACs
Shays-Meehan/H.R.2356
"Electioneering" issue ads by non-profits/PACs
are addressed in several complex provisions.
Taken together, the bill on its face prohibits
electioneering issue ads by any incorporated entity,
including an incorporated 501(c)(4) or 527 PAC or
political committee. However, the electioneering
provisions' application to 501(c)(4)s and 527s may
be affected by Supreme Court case law and alternative
provisions in the bill. (For full description of
"Electioneering" Issue Ads by Non-Profits/PACs,
click here).
[When you click, this is what you get:]
Electioneering Provisions
Shays-Meehan as passed does the following:
· Definition of Electioneering Communication:
Defines electioneering communication as any
broadcast communication which (1) refers to
a clearly identified candidate for Federal
office, (2) is made within 60 days before a
general, special, or runoff election or 30
days before a primary or caucus; and (3) is
targeted. Specifically, the bill defines
"targeted electioneering communication" to
mean a federal candidate-specific broadcast
communication that can be received by 50,000
or more persons in the congressional district
or state in which a candidate is running for
Congress or Senate, as applicable. (Section
201, amending 2 USC 434)
· Disclosure: Disclosure provisions apply to
any person or entity that makes electioneering
communications of $10,000 or more. Disclosure
of all $1,000 contributors is required as follows:
(Section 201, amending 2 USC 434.)
o Persons or entities that accept corporate,
labor or foreign contributions would have to create
a separate fund that accepts only individual
contributions (assuming they are permitted to make
such expenditures in the bill, as interpreted. For
a discussion of this issue, see below.)
o Persons or entities that do not accept such
funds would choose whether to make electioneering
expenditures from their general treasuries or from
a separate fund.
§ If a permissible electioneering
communication uses general treasury funds, disclosure
of all $1,000 contributors to the general treasury
would be required.
§ If the electioneering communication is paid
from a separate fund, the disclosure would be required
only for that fund.
· Prohibition, Exceptions and
Exceptions-to-the-Exceptions:
The bill contains a complex series of
prohibitions (and exceptions to the prohibitions)
on electioneering expenditures by corporations,
labor unions and nonprofit corporations. These
are presented in the bill in three "layers",
for reasons that grow out of their legislative
history.
(1) Ban on Corporate/Union Electioneering
Communications:
The basic provision (Section 203, amending
2 USC 441b) prohibits corporations or unions
from making electioneering communications. It
also bans any person or entity from financing
electioneering communications paid from funds
that include contributions from unions or
corporations.
(2) Exception for nonprofit corporations
[501(c)(4)s] and political committees [527s]
- - made inoperative below:
Immediately after the above corporate and
labor prohibition, the bill exempts from the
prohibition any 501(c)(4) nonprofit corporation,
or any political committee organized under
section 527 of the tax code - as long as the
entity does not take corporate or union funds.
It also exempts any segregated fund created by
a 501(c)(4) or 527 if the segregated fund does
not take corporate or union funds.
(Section 203(c)(2), amending 441b).
(3) Wellstone Amendment -
Negates the Exemption:
Notwithstanding the above exception (#2),
an amendment offered by Sen. Wellstone
(Section 204 of the bill) effectively makes the
exemption inoperative. By doing so, it leaves
the bill as if (#1) above were the only operating
paragraph. This raises many interpretive questions,
discussed below.
With the Wellstone Amendment in place, the ban on
electioneering communications by corporations and
unions would apply to any incorporated 501(c)(4)
or 527 organization. [Most (c)(4)s are incorporated;
many 527s are not]. Under the bill as now written,
therefore, electioneering communications would
appear to be permitted only by individuals,
unincorporated associations, unincorporated nonprofits
or unincorporated political committees. Supporters of
the bill say they expect this not to displace prior
court rulings (specifically Massachusetts Citizens for
Life v. FEC). Rather, they say they expect it to be
read by courts to permit electioneering by an
incorporated 501(c)(4) or 527 that accepts only
individual contributions.
The Wellstone Amendment is especially confusing because
it does not repeal or strike the original exception
outright, but maintains both the operative and
inoperative provisions in the final bill. Some have
speculated this multi-layered scheme was devised and
left in place in case the Supreme Court rules the
Wellstone Amendment unconstitutional, with the idea
that the statute could then revert to its original
form, with the original Snowe-Jeffords "electioneering"
exemption intact.
If so, it is worth noting that the basic section 203
(#1 and #2 above) does not require nonprofit
501(c)(4) corporations or "527" political committees,
or their separate funds, to be multi-candidate political
committees (or PACs), within FECA's meaning of that term.
As a result, these electioneering entities would not
have to abide by the FECA's $5,000 annual limitation
on how much an individual could give to a PAC.
Organizations that engage in electioneering, without
making contributions or express advocacy expenditures,
could accept unlimited contributions from individuals
as long as they were not, directly or indirectly,
contributions from corporations, unions or foreign
sources.
#
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 15:39:40 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: stay granted in Compton election case
The California Court of Appeal has issued a stay of the
trial court's order in the Compton, California mayoral
election contest. As list members may remember, the district
court credited the testimony of OSU political science
professor Jon Krosnick that the winner of the election
received 306 additional votes because he was listed first on
the ballot. (The contestant argued that he should have been
listed first under state law, and the parties continue to
dispute this fact.) The trial court moved those 306
hypothetical votes from the winner's column to the
contestant's column based on Krosnick's testimony about this
"primacy effect," and ordered the clerk to swear in the
contestant as the mayor.
The appellate court heard oral argument on the stay request
yesterday, and this afternoon it issued an order reversing
that ruling, putting the original winner back in office
during the pendency of the appeal. The stay is effective on
Thursday. An appeal of the stay order to the California
Supreme Court is possible.
- --
Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 15:59:08 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Scalia Denies Miss. Dems' Appeal
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
- --------------E46017F8EAEAE2B4BD687E20
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html
- --
Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
- --------------E46017F8EAEAE2B4BD687E20
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1;
name="AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: inline;
filename="AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html"
Content-Base: "http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/nation
al/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.htm
l"
Content-Location: "http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/nation
al/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.htm
l"
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"/>
<html><head> <!--PLS_META--> <!--Knews2 Document --> <script src=3D"/js/c=
sssniff.js"></script> =
<script language=3D"JavaScript">
<!-- hide
function FrameThis () {
if (top.frames.length !=3D 0) {
top.location =3D document.URL
}
}
function nameIt() {
window.name =3D 'nytimesmain';
if (navigator.appName =3D=3D "Microsoft Internet Explorer") {
document.all.globalsearchform.style.visibility =3D "visible";
}
}
// -->
</script>
<script language=3D"javascript">
function pop_me_up(pURL, features){ =
new_window =3D window.open(pURL, "popup_window", features);
new_window.focus();
} =
</script>
<script>
function changeImage(image_name,image_src) {
document.images[image_name].src =3D image_src;
}
</script>
<script language=3D"JavaScript">
function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0
eval(targ+".location=3D'"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'=
"); if
(restore) selObj.selectedIndex=3D0; } //
</script> =
<meta name=3D"NYT_HEADLINE" content=3D"Scalia Denies Miss. Dems' Appeal"=
<meta name=3D"hdl" content=3D"Scalia Denies Miss. Dems' Appeal">
<meta name=3D"BY_LINE" content=3D"By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS">
<meta name=3D"byl" content=3D"By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS">
<meta name=3D"FIRSTPAR" content=3D" JACKSON, Miss. (AP) -- A U.S. Suprem=
e Court justice on Tuesday denied an emergency appeal filed by Democrats =
in Mississippi's congressional redistricting dispute, which could clear t=
he way for the state to use a map dra
wn up by three GOP-appointed judges.">
<meta name=3D"lp" content=3D" JACKSON, Miss. (AP) -- A U.S. Supreme Cour=
t justice on Tuesday denied an emergency appeal filed by Democrats in Mis=
sissippi's congressional redistricting dispute, which could clear the way=
for the state to use a map dra
wn up by three GOP-appointed judges.">
<meta name=3D"SECTION" content=3D"National">
<meta name=3D"SUBSECTION" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"SOURCE" content=3D"AP">
<meta name=3D"cre" content=3D"AP">
<meta name=3D"DISPLAYDATE" content=3D"February 26, 2002">
<meta name=3D"pdate" content=3D"20020226">
<!--Times index meta tags -->
<meta name=3D"ttl" content=3D""> =
<meta name=3D"virtloc" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"des" content=3D"Suits and Litigation;Politics and Governm=
ent;United States Politics and Government;States (US)">
<meta name=3D"per" content=3D"Scalia, Antonin">
<meta name=3D"org" content=3D"Supreme Court">
<meta name=3D"geo" content=3D"U.S.">
<meta name=3D"ticker" content=3D"">
<!--New meta tags -->
<meta name=3D"dat" content=3D"February 26, 2002">
<meta name=3D"tom" content=3D"News">
<meta name=3D"cat" content=3D"">
<meta name=3D"col" content=3D"">
<meta NAME=3D"ARTICLE_TEMPLATE_VERSION" CONTENT=3D"300"> =
<meta name=3D"dsk" content=3D"National">
<!-- context ad setup -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<!--123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456=
789123456789123456789123456789123456789 -->
<TITLE>Scalia Denies Miss. Dems' Appeal</TITLE><!-- context ad reference =
Top5 -->
</head>
<!--plsfield:NYT_INLINE-->
=
<body marginheight=3D"5" marginwidth=3D"0" leftmargin=3D"0" topmargin=3D=
"5" link=3D"#000066" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" alink=3D"#990000" vlink=3D"#4444=
64" onload=3D"nameIt()">
<a name=3D"top"></a> =
<NYT_HEADER>
=
<table width=3D"768" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"><tr=
<td colspan=3D"6" width=3D"768" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" height=3D"5"><IMG sr=
c=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"768" h=
eight=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"8"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" height=3D"5" =
border=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"280" valign=3D"bottom"><NYT_HEADER_IMAGE>=
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/pages/aponline/index.html"><IMG src=3D"=
http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/header/apindex.gif" width=3D"=
231" height=3D"25" border=3D"0" alt=3D"A.P. Index"/></a></NYT_HEADER_IMAG=
E></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#000000"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.n=
ytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/=
</td><td width=3D"6" rowspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"6" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><=
td width=3D"468" rowspan=3D"3"><!-- context ad reference Top -->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=3DJavaScript>
<!--
var plugin =3D (navigator.mimeTypes && navigator.mimeTypes["application/x=
- -shockwave-flash"]) ? navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"=
].enabledPlugin : 0;
if ( plugin ) {
plugin =3D parseInt(plugin.description.substring(plugin.description.index=
Of(".")-1)) >=3D 4;
}
else if (navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>=3D0 =
&& (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Windows 95")>=3D0 || navigator.userAgent=
=2EindexOf("Windows 98")>=3D0 || navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Windows NT"=
)>=3D0)) {
document.write('<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=3DVBScript\> \n');
document.write('on error resume next \n');
document.write('plugin =3D ( IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.Shockw=
aveFlash.4")))\n');
document.write('if ( plugin <=3D 0 ) then plugin =3D ( IsObject(CreateObj=
ect("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.5")))\n');
document.write('<\/SCRIPT\> \n');
}
if ( plugin ) {
document.write('<OBJECT classid=3D"clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-44455354=
0000"');
document.write(' codebase=3D"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwav=
e/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=3D5,0,0,0" width=3D"468" height=3D"60" '=
);
document.write(' ID=3Dnyt_cross WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60>');
document.write(' <param name=3Dmovie value=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ads/=
nyt_blyth_468x60.swf?clicktag1=3Dhttp://ads.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/cli=
ck_lx.ads/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.=
html/30154/Top/shell01-nyt1/468x60_shellflashNOCLICK2.html/6C6B6C65696E33=
62?http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/html/iwgen/cicampaig=
ns/blyth/nytimes.html"> <param name=3Dquality value=3Dhigh> ');
document.write(' <embed src=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ads/nyt_blyth_468x6=
0.swf?clicktag1=3Dhttp://ads.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.n=
ytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/8388/Top/s=
hell01-nyt1/468x60_shellflashNOCLICK2.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?http://www2.s=
hell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/html/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nytimes=
=2Ehtml" quality=3Dhigh pluginspage=3D"http://www.macromedia.com/shockwav=
e/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=3DShockwaveFlash" type=3D"applicatio=
n/x-shockwave-flash" width=3D"468" height=3D"60"> ');
document.write(' </EMBED>');
document.write(' </OBJECT>');
} else if (!(navigator.appName && navigator.appName.indexOf("Netscape")>=3D=
0 && navigator.appVersion.indexOf("2.")>=3D0)){
document.write('<A HREF=3D"http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding=
- -en/html/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nytimes.html"><img src=3D"http://graphic=
s4.nytimes.com/ads/blyth_468x601.gif" WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60" BORDER=3D0=
</a>');
}
//-->
</SCRIPT>
<noscript><A HREF=3D"http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/ht=
ml/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nytimes.html"><img src=3D"http://graphics4.nyt=
imes.com/ads/blyth_468x601.gif" WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60" BORDER=3D0></a><=
/noscript>
</td><td width=3D"5" rowspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.c=
om/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></=
tr><tr><td width=3D"8" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><=
td height=3D"1" width=3D"280" bgcolor=3D"#000000"><IMG src=3D"http://grap=
hics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=
=3D"0"/></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#000000"><IMG src=3D"http://graph=
ics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D=
"0"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"8"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.c=
om/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"8" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td><t=
d width=3D"280" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/i=
mages/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"280" height=3D"7" border=3D"0"/><a href=3D=
"http://www.nytimes.com"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
article/header/NytArticleHeader.gif" width=3D"122" height=3D"21" border=3D=
"0" alt=3D"The New York Times"/></a></td><td width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#0000=
00"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" widt=
h=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"6" width=3D=
"768" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" height=3D"7"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytim=
es.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"768" height=3D"7" border=3D"0"/><=
/td></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"6" width=3D"768" bgcolor=3D"#000000" height=3D=
"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" widt=
h=3D"768" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></table></NYT_HEADER><tabl=
e border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"768"><tr> <td=
rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"98" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#CCC=
CCC"> <NYT_GLOBAL_NAV><table width=3D"98" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF"><tr><td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/"=
<IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/gn_hom=
e.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Home"></a></td></tr=
<!---->
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/jobs/index.html"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/jobs.gif" width=
=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Find a Job"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/realestate/index.html"><IMG src=3D"ht=
tp://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/realestat=
e.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Real Estate"></a></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><a href=3D"/pages/automobiles/index.html"><IMG src=3D"h=
ttp://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_nav/classifieds/automobi=
les.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Automobiles"></a>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_news.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Ne=
ws"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/world/index.html">International</a></font>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/national/index.html">National</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td valign=3D"top" align=3D"left" width=3D"10"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D=
"arial,helvetica,sans serif" size=3D"1">-</font></td>
<td align=3D"left" width=3D"83"><a href=3D"/pages/national/columns/index.=
html"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif" size=3D"1">=
Columns</font></a></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/national/dayofterror/index.html">Nation Ch=
allenged</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/politics/index.html">Politics</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/business/index.html">Business</a></font></=
td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/technology/index.html">Technology</a></fon=
t></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/science/index.html">Science</a></font></td=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/health/index.html">Health</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/sports/index.html">Sports</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/olympics/index.html">Winter Olympics</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/nyregion/index.html">New York Region</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/education/index.html">Education</a></font>=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/weather/">Weather</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/obituaries/index.html">Obituaries</a></fon=
t></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/pageone/index.html">NYT Front Page</a></fo=
nt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/corrections.html">Corrections</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_opinion.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Opinion"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/opinion/index.html">Editorials/Op-Ed</a></=
font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://forums.nytimes.com/comment/">Readers' Opin=
ions</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http://gra=
phics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" borde=
r=3D"0"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"5" bo=
rder=3D"0"/><br><NYT_NAV_AD><!-- context ad reference Bottom3 -->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/13810/Bottom3/nyt=
sit59/db-86x60_2.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"http=
://graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytsit59/db-86x60_2.gif"=
BORDER=3D0 Other ALT=3D"" ></A></NYT_NAV_AD><br><IMG src=3D"http://graph=
ics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D=
"0"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_features.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Features"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/arts/index.html">Arts</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/books/index.html">Books</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/movies/index.html">Movies</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/travel/index.html">Travel</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/dining/index.html">Dining & Wine</a></font=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/garden/index.html">Home & Garden</a></font=
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/fashion/index.html">Fashion & Style</a></f=
ont></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/nytoday/index.html">New York Today</a></fo=
nt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/diversions">Crossword/Games</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/diversions/cartoons/">Cartoons</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/library/magazine/home/">Magazine</a></font></td>=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/pages/weekinreview/index.html">Week in Review</a=
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/library/photos/index.html">Photos</a></font></td=
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/college/index.html">College</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/learning">Learning Network</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/=
global_nav/gn_services.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Services"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/">Archive</a></f=
ont></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/classified/">Classifieds</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/services/nytmobile/">NYT Mobile</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/nytstore/">NYT Store</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://postcards.nytimes.com/specials/postcards/"=
E-Cards & More</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://www.nytdigital.com/">About NYTDigital</a><=
/font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"http://www.nytdigital.com/work/job.html">Jobs at =
NYTDigital</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/adinfo/">Online Media Kit</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spac=
er.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td>
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans serif"=
size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/adinfo/web_advertisers.html">Our Advertisers</a>=
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan=3D"3"> <IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/gl=
obal/global_nav/profile.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"17" border=3D"0" alt=3D=
"Your Profile"/></td></tr><tr> <td width=3D"5"><spacer type=3D"block" wid=
th=3D"5" height=3D"1"></td> <td colspan=3D"2"> <font class=3D"nav" face=3D=
"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size=3D"1"> <a href=3D"/mem/profile.html">Yo=
ur Profile</a><br> <a href=3D"/mem/email.html">E-Mail Preferences</a><br>=
<a href=3D"/mem/tnt.html">News Tracker</a><br> <a href=3D"/membercenter/=
premiumaccount.html">Premium Account</a><br> <a href=3D"/membercenter/sit=
ehelp.html">Site Help</a> </font> </td></tr><tr><td height=3D"5" colspan=3D=
"3"><spacer type=3D"block" width=3D"1" height=3D"5"></td></tr><tr> <td co=
lspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global=
_nav/gn_newspaper.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"20" border=3D"0" alt=3D"New=
spaper"></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td width=3D"5"> </td> <td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" fa=
ce=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size=3D"1"><!---->
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/homedelivery-subscribe">Home Delivery</=
a><!---->
<br><a href=3D"http://homedelivery.nytimes.com">Customer Service</a><!---=
- ->
<br><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ee">Electronic Edition</a><!---->
<br><a href=3D"http://nytadvertising.nytimes.com">Media Kit</a></font></t=
d></tr><!---->
<tr><!---->
<td height=3D"5" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/i=
mages/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr><=
!---->
</NYT_GLOBAL_NAV><tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" bo=
rder=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"5"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/=
spacer.gif" width=3D"5" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><!---->
<td colspan=3D"2"><font class=3D"nav" face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif"=
size=3D"1"><!---->
<a href=3D"/info/help/textpath.html">Text Version</a><br></font></td></tr=
<!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3"><!-- context ad reference Bottom5 -->
</td></tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td height=3D"5" colspan=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td><=
/tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"3" height=3D"3"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.=
com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"98" height=3D"3" border=3D"0"/></td>=
</tr><!---->
<tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#999999" colspan=3D"3" height=3D"1"><IMG src=3D"http:=
//graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" =
border=3D"0"/></td></tr><!---->
</table> </td> <td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#999999" align=3D=
"left" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/mis=
c/spacer.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><td colspan=3D"=
6" width=3D"669" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><!--Global search start --=
<map name=3D"GlobalTools"> <area shape=3D"rect" coords=3D"194,0,233,12" =
alt=3D"Tips" href=3D"#"> <area shape=3D"rect" coords=3D"66,0,182,12" href=
=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/" alt=3D"Go to Advanced Search">
</map><table width=3D"669" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0"> <form action=3D"http://query.nytimes.com/search/query" method=3D"get=
"> <tr><td colspan=3D"4"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"200" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" alt=3D" "/></td>=
</tr><tr><td width=3D"481" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D=
"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_01.gif" w=
idth=3D"481" height=3D"13" border=3D"0" usemap=3D"#GlobalTools" alt=3D"Se=
arch Options"/></td><td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" val=
ign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global=
_search/tools_02.gif" width=3D"2" height=3D"45" alt=3D"divide"/></td><td =
rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"185" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"> =
<table width=3D"185" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
">
<tr> =
<td width=3D"137" valign=3D"top"><a href=3D"http://www.nytime=
s.com/membercenter"><img src=3D"http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global=
/global_search/tools_03.gif" width=3D"137" height=3D"22" border=3D"0" alt=
=3D"go to Member Center"/></a></td>
<td width=3D"48" valign=3D"top"><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes=
=2Ecom/logout"><img src=3D"http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global/glob=
al_search/tools_04.gif" width=3D"48" height=3D"22" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Lo=
g Out"/></a></td>
</tr>
<tr> =
<td colspan=3D"2" width=3D"185">
<font face=3D"arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color=3D"#990000" size=
=3D"2"><nobr> Welcome, <a href=3D"/mem/profile.html">lklein3b<=
/a></nobr></font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td><td rowspan=3D"3" width=3D"1" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"t=
op"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/=
tools_05.gif" width=3D"1" height=3D"45"/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"481" =
bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3" valign=3D"top"><table width=3D"481" border=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#E3E3E3"><tr><td width=3D"7"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"=
7" height=3D"3" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td valign=3D"middle" width=3D=
"130"><input type=3D"text" name=3D"query" size=3D"20" value=3D""/></td><t=
d width=3D"7"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer=
=2Egif" width=3D"7" height=3D"3" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D=
"100" valign=3D"middle"> <span id=3D"globalsearchform"> <select name=3D"=
date"> <option value=3D"today">Today's News <option value=3D"site1week">P=
ast Week <option value=3D"past30days" selected=3D"">Past 30 Days <option =
value=3D"past90days">Past 90 Days <option value=3D"past365days">Past Year=
<option value=3D"full">Since 1996 </select> </span> </td><td width=3D"7"=
<IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D=
"7" height=3D"31" border=3D"0" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D"74" valign=3D"=
middle"><input type=3D"image" name=3D"submit" value=3D"Search" src=3D"htt=
p://graphics.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/gs_submit_2.gif" wid=
th=3D"18" height=3D"19" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Submit"/></td><td width=3D"15=
6"><!-- context ad reference Middle1 -->
</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"481"><IMG src=3D"http://grap=
hics4.nytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_05.gif" width=3D"481"=
height=3D"1" alt=3D""/></td><td width=3D"2"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4=
=2Enytimes.com/images/global/global_search/tools_05.gif" width=3D"185" he=
ight=3D"1" alt=3D""/></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"669" height=3D"5" colspan=
=3D"4" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/image=
s/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"200" height=3D"5" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></f=
orm></table><!--Global Search end --></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"10" align=
=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"10" height=3D"900" border=3D"0"/></td><td width=
=3D"472" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table width=3D"462" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" valign=3D"top"><tr><td align=3D"left"=
valign=3D"top"><table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" w=
idth=3D"462"><tr><td width=3D"147"><A HREF=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-b=
in/email?REFURI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi=
- -Redistricting.html"> <a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFU=
RI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistrictin=
g.html"> <IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/function=
s/emailArticle2.gif" width=3D"147" align=3D"top" height=3D"19" border=3D"=
0" alt=3D"E-Mail This Article"/> </a> </a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistrict=
ing.html?pagewanted=3Dprint"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ima=
ges/article/functions/printArticle2.gif" width=3D"131" height=3D"19" bord=
er=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"Printer-Friendly Format"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"184" rowspan=3D"2"><!-- context ad reference Position1 -->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE =3D "JavaScript">
// <!--
document.cookie =3D "EmailAd=3Deta-blank; path=3D/; domain=3D.nytimes.com=
";
window.onerror=3Dnull;
// -->
</script>
<img src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/k2_eta_line.gif" border=3D0>=
</td></tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"147"><a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/poppage"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/mostEmai=
led2.gif" width=3D"147" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"M=
ost E-Mailed Articles"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistrict=
ing.html?pagewanted=3Dall"> </a></td></tr><!---->
</table><!---->
</td></tr><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"> <p></p> <p></p> <NY=
T_DATE><font size=3D"-1"><strong>February 26, 2002</strong></font><br></N=
YT_DATE><NYT_KICKER></NYT_KICKER><NYT_HEADLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" =
"><h2>Scalia Denies Miss. Dems' Appeal</h2></NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_BYLINE ve=
rsion=3D"1.0" type=3D" "><h5>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS</h5></NYT_BYLINE><NY=
T_LINKS_ONSITE version=3D"1.0" type=3D"main"><table align=3D"right" cells=
pacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0"><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"9" rowspan=3D"99"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.c=
om/images/misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"10" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td><=
/tr><!---->
<tr> <td colspan=3D"5"> <NYT_AD_REF AD=3D"Middle5"><!-- context ad refere=
nce Middle5 -->
</NYT_AD_REF> </td> </tr></table><!---->
</NYT_LINKS_ONSITE>
<!--plsfield:TEXT-->
<NYT_TEXT >
<p><b>Filed at 6:13 p.m. ET</b></p>
<p>JACKSON, Miss. (AP) -- A U.S. Supreme Court justice on Tuesday denied =
an emergency appeal filed by Democrats in Mississippi's congressional red=
istricting dispute, which could clear the way for the state to use a map =
drawn up by three GOP-appointed judges.</p>
<p>After a decade of slow population growth, Mississippi must give up one=
of its five U.S. House seats.</p>
<p>Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia on Tuesday denied the appeal file=
d by attorney Robert McDuff of Jackson. McDuff wanted the court to order =
the state to use a congressional map drawn by Hinds County Chancery Judge=
Patricia Wise that was backed by Democrats.</p>
<p>Scalia's denial came hours after three federal judges in Jackson order=
ed that the state use a map they drew. All three federal judges were appo=
inted by Republicans.</p>
<p>McDuff immediately refiled his emergency appeal with Justice David H. =
Souter. The attorney said Souter can take up the appeal or, more likely, =
forward it to the full court.</p>
<p>He said he expected some word from the court either later this week or=
early next week.</p>
<p>No matter which plan is used, Rep. Chip Pickering, a Republican, and R=
ep. Ronnie Shows, a Democrat, will meet in a new consolidated district.</=
p>
<p>The federal judges' plan is thought to favor Pickering, while the riva=
l plan was thought to favor Shows.</p>
<p>``We're obviously very pleased that the U.S. Supreme Court denied the =
emergency petition of the Democrats,'' said Grant Fox of Tupelo, an attor=
ney who has represented Republicans in state and federal court redistrict=
ing fights.</p>
<p>McDuff said he also would ask the full Supreme Court to consider his a=
ppeal. He said it could be heard in the fall.</p>
<p>``This is obviously a setback,'' McDuff said.</p>
<p>Congressional candidates' qualifying deadline is Friday. Primaries are=
June 4 and the general election is Nov. 5.</p>
<p>Scalia handles emergency appeals from the 5th U.S. Circuit of Mississi=
ppi, Louisiana and Texas.</p>
<p>Scalia presided over Pickering's first swearing-in ceremony to Congres=
s in 1997.</p>
<p>The justice also has spoken in Mississippi several times since the ear=
ly 1990s. One trip in 1996 was arranged by Pickering's father, U.S. Distr=
ict Judge Charles Pickering, who is awaiting Senate action on his nominat=
ion to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.</p>
<p>Mississippi redistricting landed in the courts after state lawmakers w=
ere unable to agree on their own map. Democrats sued in chancery court an=
d Republicans sued in federal court.</p>
<p>In ordering that their map be used, the three federal judges said it's=
unconstitutional for a chancery judge rather than the Legislature to dra=
w a redistricting plan.</p>
<p>The federal judges said their plan would be used until the state produ=
ces a redistricting map that the Justice Department agrees is fair to min=
orities.</p>
<p>The federal judges' plan puts heavily Republican, suburban Jackson pre=
cincts in the new district where Pickering and Shows will face off.</p>
<p>Wise's plan puts those precincts in a district that dips down from nor=
thern Mississippi and gives the new district a higher concentration of bl=
ack voters, who often vote Democratic.</p>
</NYT_TEXT></td></tr><tr><td> =
<!--plsfield:NYT_FOOTER-->
<br><br><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"=
100%"><tr><td align=3D"left"><NYT_FOOTER_LINKS><font size=3D"-1"> <a href=
=3D"/">Home</a> | <a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/pages/aponline/index.=
html">Back to A.P.</a> | <a href=3D"http://search.nytimes.com/search/">Se=
arch</a> | <a href=3D"/membercenter/sitehelp.html">Help</a></font></NYT_F=
OOTER_LINKS></td><td align=3D"right"><font size=3D"-1"><a href=3D"#top">B=
ack to Top</a></font></td></tr></table><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><table c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" border=3D"0" width=3D"462"><tr><td wid=
th=3D"147"><A HREF=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=3Dhttp:/=
/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html"> <a=
href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=3Dhttp://www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html"> <IMG src=3D"htt=
p://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/emailArticle2.gif" wid=
th=3D"147" align=3D"top" height=3D"19" border=3D"0" alt=3D"E-Mail This Ar=
ticle"/> </a> </a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistrict=
ing.html?pagewanted=3Dprint"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ima=
ges/article/functions/printArticle2.gif" width=3D"131" height=3D"19" bord=
er=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"Printer-Friendly Format"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"184" rowspan=3D"2"><!-- context ad reference Position1 -->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE =3D "JavaScript">
// <!--
document.cookie =3D "EmailAd=3Deta-blank; path=3D/; domain=3D.nytimes.com=
";
window.onerror=3Dnull;
// -->
</script>
<img src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/k2_eta_line.gif" border=3D0>=
</td></tr><!---->
<tr><td width=3D"147"><a href=3D"http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/poppage"><=
IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/mostEmai=
led2.gif" width=3D"147" height=3D"18" border=3D"0" align=3D"top" alt=3D"M=
ost E-Mailed Articles"/></a></td><!---->
<td width=3D"131"><A HREF=3D"/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistrict=
ing.html?pagewanted=3Dall"> </a></td></tr><!---->
</table><!---->
</td></tr></table></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"6" align=3D"left" valig=
n=3D"top"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif=
" height=3D"1" width=3D"6" border=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"=
1" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" bgcolor=3D"#999999"><IMG src=3D"http://g=
raphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" height=3D"1" width=3D"1" bor=
der=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"6" align=3D"left" valign=3D"to=
p"><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" heigh=
t=3D"1" width=3D"6" border=3D"0"/></td><td rowspan=3D"2" width=3D"184" al=
ign=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" bo=
rder=3D"0" width=3D"184"><tr><td> <center><!-- context ad reference Right=
2 -->
<br></center> </td></tr><tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad referen=
ce Right3 -->
<A href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.=
com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/9876/Right3/nytci=
r57a-nyt3/life_140x8002.gif/6C6B6C65696E3362" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D=
"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/nytcir57a-nyt3/life=
_140x8002.gif" BORDER=3D0 Other ALT=3D"" ></A><br></td> </tr><tr><td><IMG=
src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/misc/advertiser_links.gif" wi=
dth=3D"184" height=3D"16" border=3D"0" alt=3D"Advertiser Links"/><br><!--=
context ad reference Right5 -->
<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/6705/Right5/nytlks0=
3/tot_txt.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?http://www.nytimes.com/timestopics/">Disc=
over New<br>Topics of the Times</a></font><br><br><!-- context ad referen=
ce Right6 -->
<br><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/19631/Right6/orbitz=
03-nyt4/textlink3.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?2002.02.27.00.02.47">Find More Lo=
w Fares!<br>Experience Orbitz!</a></font><br>
<br><!-- context ad reference Right7 -->
<br><FONT FACE=3D"Arial, Helvetica, MS Sans Serif, Geneva" SIZE=3D"-1"><A=
href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.co=
m/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/24933/Right7/britai=
r38-nyt4/textlink.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?_RM_REDIR_=3Dhttp://ad.doubleclic=
k.net/clk%3B3788777%3B6801396%3Bf%3Fhttps://www.britishairways.com/region=
al/usa/offers/winterpromo/index.shtml?src=3DNYT2">Fly the flat bed and<br=
get two free tickets!</a></font><br><br><!-- context ad reference Right8=
-->
</td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan=3D"2" align=
=3D"center"><NYT_FOOTER> <table cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" borde=
r=3D"0" width=3D"472"> <tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad referenc=
e Bottom1 -->
<table width=3D"468" border=3D"0">
<tr> =
<td width=3D"84"><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/clic=
k_lx.ads/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.h=
tml/14615/Bottom1/nytcirST/jobs_circ.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?www.nytimes.co=
m/pages/jobs/index.html"><img src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/ads/cir=
culation/jobmarket.79x50.gif" width=3D"79" height=3D"50" border=3D0></a><=
/td>
<td width=3D"381"> =
<p align=3D"left">
<a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.ny=
times.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/21440/Botto=
m1/nytcirST/jobs_circ.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?www.nytimes.com/pages/jobs/in=
dex.html"><font color=3D"#0000FF">Search</font></a> <font color=3D"#00000=
0">our job listings for the best opportunities or <a href=3D"http://www.n=
ytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/A=
P-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/2459/Bottom1/nytcirST/jobs_circ.html/6C6=
B6C65696E3362?resumes.nytimes.com/texis/resumeform"><font color=3D"#0000F=
F">post</font></a> your resume to attract top employers. </font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br></td> </tr><tr> <td align=3D"center"><!-- context ad reference Bottom=
-->
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=3DJavaScript>
<!--
var plugin =3D (navigator.mimeTypes && navigator.mimeTypes["application/x=
- -shockwave-flash"]) ? navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"=
].enabledPlugin : 0;
if ( plugin ) {
plugin =3D parseInt(plugin.description.substring(plugin.description.index=
Of(".")-1)) >=3D 4;
}
else if (navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>=3D0 =
&& (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Windows 95")>=3D0 || navigator.userAgent=
=2EindexOf("Windows 98")>=3D0 || navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Windows NT"=
)>=3D0)) {
document.write('<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=3DVBScript\> \n');
document.write('on error resume next \n');
document.write('plugin =3D ( IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.Shockw=
aveFlash.4")))\n');
document.write('if ( plugin <=3D 0 ) then plugin =3D ( IsObject(CreateObj=
ect("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.5")))\n');
document.write('<\/SCRIPT\> \n');
}
if ( plugin ) {
document.write('<OBJECT classid=3D"clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-44455354=
0000"');
document.write(' codebase=3D"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwav=
e/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=3D5,0,0,0" width=3D"468" height=3D"60" '=
);
document.write(' ID=3Dnyt_cross WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60>');
document.write(' <param name=3Dmovie value=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ads/=
nyt_blyth_468x60.swf?clicktag1=3Dhttp://ads.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/cli=
ck_lx.ads/www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.=
html/29461/Bottom/shell01-nyt1/468x60_shellflashNOCLICK.html/6C6B6C65696E=
3362?http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/html/iwgen/cicampa=
igns/blyth/nytimes.html"> <param name=3Dquality value=3Dhigh> ');
document.write(' <embed src=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/ads/nyt_blyth_468x6=
0.swf?clicktag1=3Dhttp://ads.nytimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.n=
ytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Mississippi-Redistricting.html/16747/Bott=
om/shell01-nyt1/468x60_shellflashNOCLICK.html/6C6B6C65696E3362?http://www=
2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/html/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nyti=
mes.html" quality=3Dhigh pluginspage=3D"http://www.macromedia.com/shockwa=
ve/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=3DShockwaveFlash" type=3D"applicati=
on/x-shockwave-flash" width=3D"468" height=3D"60"> ');
document.write(' </EMBED>');
document.write(' </OBJECT>');
} else if (!(navigator.appName && navigator.appName.indexOf("Netscape")>=3D=
0 && navigator.appVersion.indexOf("2.")>=3D0)){
document.write('<A HREF=3D"http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding=
- -en/html/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nytimes.html"><img src=3D"http://graphic=
s4.nytimes.com/ads/blyth_468x601.gif" WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60" BORDER=3D0=
</a>');
}
//-->
</SCRIPT>
<noscript><A HREF=3D"http://www2.shell.com/home/listeningresponding-en/ht=
ml/iwgen/cicampaigns/blyth/nytimes.html"><img src=3D"http://graphics4.nyt=
imes.com/ads/blyth_468x601.gif" WIDTH=3D468 HEIGHT=3D60" BORDER=3D0></a><=
/noscript>
</td> </tr><tr><td align=3D"center"><font size=3D"-1"><NYT_COPYRIGHT>
<a href=3D"http://www.ap.org/"><font face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" =
color=3D"#000099" size=3D"1">Copyright 2002 The Associated Press</font></=
a><font color=3D"#000099" size=3D"2"> | </font><a href=3D"/ref/membercent=
er/help/privacy.html"><font face=3D"arial,helvetica,sans-serif" color=3D"=
#000099" size=3D"1">Privacy Information</font></a>
</NYT_COPYRIGHT><!-- context ad reference Bottom8 -->
</font></td></tr><tr><td><IMG src=3D"http://graphics4.nytimes.com/images/=
misc/spacer.gif" width=3D"472" height=3D"1" border=3D"0"/></td></tr> </ta=
ble> </NYT_FOOTER></td></tr></table>
</body>
</html>
- --------------E46017F8EAEAE2B4BD687E20--
------------------------------
End of election-law_gl-digest V1 #149
*************************************
