election-law_gl-digest Sunday, March 24 2002 Volume 01 : Number 171
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Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 09:09:34 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Why Republicans Are in Love With the Voting Rights Act
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Here's an op-ed from today's NY Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/24/opinion/24SUN3.html
- --
Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
(213)380-3769 - fax
rick.hasen@lls.edu
http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
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<NYT_HEADLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" ">
<h2>Why Republicans Are in Love With the Voting Rights Act</h2>
</NYT_HEADLINE>
<p></p>
<NYT_BYLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" "><h5>By ADAM COHEN</h5></NYT_BYLIN=
E>
<p></p>
<NYT_TEXT><font class=3Dtsa><P><IMG SRC=3D"http://graphics.nytimes.com/im=
ages/dropcap/j.gif" ALIGN=3D"left" ALT=3D"J">ohn Lewis, Georgia's legenda=
ry black congressman, has been called many things. He had every known rac=
ial epithet hurled at him =97 and had his skull fractured =97 when he mar=
ched for voting rights in Alabama in 1965. But one thing no one had thoug=
ht to call him is an enemy of black voting rights. Yet he stands accused =
of just that now, by a most unlikely source: Georgia's Republican Party.<=
/p>
<P> The bizarre face-off between Georgia Republicans and Representative L=
ewis comes in a challenge to Georgia's new Congressional districts. The r=
edistricting plan has the support of every major black elected official i=
n the state. But Georgia's Republican Party, which has no black elected o=
fficials to speak of, has gone to federal court to claim that the plan di=
scriminates against blacks.</p>
<P> The Georgia case may be a new low in a field, legislative redistricti=
ng, that has seen plenty of racial opportunism from both parties and all =
races. What really has Georgia Republicans hot and bothered, of course, i=
s that Georgia's new boundaries, and its gain of 2 seats, are expected to=
flip the Congressional delegation from 8-3 Republican to 7-6 Democratic =
=97 which would, as it happens, be a more accurate reflection of the stat=
e's politics.</p>
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<P> Nowhere is the Republicans' cynicism clearer than in the fight over=
Representative Lewis's own Atlanta district. The state's plan would lowe=
r the percentage of black voters in his heavily Democratic district to ju=
st 52 percent. With white Atlantans increasingly willing to vote for blac=
ks, and strong black turnout, Representative Lewis knows that his seat is=
safe. But the Republicans, acting through black plaintiffs, charge that =
by letting his black constituents' votes be "diluted," he is discriminati=
ng against them (and, presumably, against himself).</p>
<P> At the heart of the conflict is a strategy called "max black" =97 max=
imizing the number of blacks in a single district. Republicans and blacks=
had an unlikely alliance around "max black" after the 1990 census. By co=
ncentrating black voters in some districts, the strategy elected a record=
number of black congressmen in 1992. But the remaining "bleached" distri=
cts were more likely to elect white Republicans. While the Congressional =
Black Caucus grew, Republicans took control of the House for the first ti=
me in 40 years in 1994.</p>
<P> "Max black" was briefly an article of faith in the civil rights commu=
nity. "In 1995, you risked being called a racist if you challenged it at =
a voting rights conference," recalls Richard Pildes, a New York Universit=
y law professor. But as blacks increasingly found themselves losing Congr=
essional battles over issues like affirmative action =97 and with a 1993 =
Supreme Court case making it harder to take race into account in drawing =
lines =97 support for "max black" waned.</p>
<P> Blacks were also realizing that if the district lines were drawn well=
, minorities could win without cramming them all into a few districts.</p=
<P> That was precisely what happened in last year's New Jersey legislativ=
e elections. Blacks, Hispanics and white Democrats "unpacked" heavily min=
ority districts around Newark, shifting voters into adjacent, largely whi=
te districts. The result was the first Democratic Assembly majority in a =
decade and an increase in the number of legislators who are members of mi=
norities. That kind of unpacking must be done with care. The core princip=
le of the Voting Rights Act remains true: if minority votes are too dilut=
ed, it will be hard =97 too hard =97 to elect minorities to office.</p>
<P> Blacks have largely dropped their alliance with Republicans for redis=
tricting. But despite the absence of aggrieved minorities, Republicans ar=
e making Voting Rights Act claims more eagerly than ever. In Colorado thi=
s year, Republicans argued that the state redistricting plan illegally di=
luted minority voting in a Denver-area district, a claim the State Suprem=
e Court rejected.</p>
<P> Republicans were more successful in Mississippi. There, they lodged a=
Voting Rights Act objection to a plan drawn up by a black judge and supp=
orted by the state's blacks and the Democratic Party. The complaint delay=
ed things long enough that a federal court replaced a Democratic plan sup=
ported by blacks with a Republican one. That outcome, a black congressman=
fumed, "turns the Voting Rights Act on its head."</p>
<P> In making these Voting Rights Act claims, the Republican Party also t=
urns its philosophy on its head. The party opposes race-based remedies, b=
ut it evokes them to get the districts it wants. It celebrates states' ri=
ghts and attacks judges it calls activist, but it wants federal judges to=
overturn plans drawn up by legislatures. </p>
<P> In these decennial battles over redistricting, no group has a monopol=
y on hypocrisy. The Democratic Party has been willing to sacrifice black =
legislative seats to get more Democrats elected. Some black incumbents ha=
ve been more worried about being re-elected than about winning a legislat=
ive majority for the issues their constituents care about.</p>
<P> But there is a special cravenness in the way the Republican Party is =
holding itself out as blacks' champion while black judges, black legislat=
ors and black voters are all clustered on the other side of the issue =97=
and in how it is wielding a venerable statute like the Voting Rights Act=
, for which men and women like Representative Lewis still bear battle sca=
rs, to hurt the very people it was designed to help.<BR> <BR> <BR> </p>
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