election-law_gl-digest Tuesday, March 26 2002 Volume 01 : Number 173
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Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2002 10:05:00 -0800
From: Rick Hasen <rick.hasen@lls.edu>
Subject: Court Considers Free - Speech Claim
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Rick Hasen
Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow
Loyola Law School
919 South Albany Street
Los Angeles, CA 90015-1211
(213)736-1466 - voice
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http://www.lls.edu/academics/faculty/hasen.html
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<meta name=3D"FIRSTPAR" content=3D" WASHINGTON (AP) -- Candidates for ju=
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<meta name=3D"lp" content=3D" WASHINGTON (AP) -- Candidates for judgeshi=
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</td></tr><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"> <p></p> <p></p> <NY=
T_DATE><font size=3D"-1"><strong>March 26, 2002</strong></font><br></NYT_=
DATE><NYT_KICKER></NYT_KICKER><NYT_HEADLINE version=3D"1.0" type=3D" "><=
h2>Court Considers Free - Speech Claim</h2></NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_BYLINE ve=
rsion=3D"1.0" type=3D" "><h5>By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS</h5></NYT_BYLINE><NY=
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<!--plsfield:TEXT-->
<NYT_TEXT >
<p><b>Filed at 12:03 p.m. ET</b></p>
<p></p>
<p>WASHINGTON (AP) -- Candidates for judgeships should be able to tell vo=
ters what kind of judge they are getting, a lawyer trying to overturn sta=
te gag orders for judicial candidates argued to the Supreme Court on Tues=
day.</p>
<p>``The people can be trusted to make the decisions ... as long as they =
have the information to make those decisions,'' lawyer James Bopp argued =
on behalf of the Minnesota Republican party and a failed Republican candi=
date for a state judgeship.</p>
<p>Greg Wersal claims he was unconstitutionally silenced when he wanted t=
o tell Minnesota voters how, as a state judge, he would be tough on crimi=
nals. Wersal argues that he was at a huge disadvantage as he began a 1998=
race against Alan Page, a former Minnesota Vikings football star, and ne=
eded to make himself stand out.</p>
<p>Thirty-eight states elect judges rather than appoint them. Nine, inclu=
ding Minnesota, prohibit judicial candidates from announcing their views =
on ``disputed legal or political issues.''</p>
<p>The case tests the free-speech rights of candidates against the tradit=
ional goal of independent, impartial judges.</p>
<p>Tuesday's lively oral argument session frequently turned personal, wit=
h Supreme Court justices posing hypothetical questions about what they th=
emselves might be allowed, or provoked, to say about issues.</p>
<p>``You should go before the Senate,'' Chief Justice William H. Rehnquis=
t cracked to the lawyer from Minnesota, who was trying to explain what a =
candidate could and couldn't say.</p>
<p>Rehnquist has faced two Senate confirmation sessions, including a leng=
thy grilling when he was promoted from an associate justice to chief in 1=
986.</p>
<p>The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which has bought ads in several state ju=
dicial elections, is backing Wersal's argument. So are conservative group=
s such as the American Center for Law and Justice and usually liberal one=
s such as the American Civil Liberties Union and Ralph Nader's Public Cit=
izen.</p>
<p>``Such speech is core political speech, commanding the highest degree =
of First Amendment protection,'' the ACLU wrote in a friend-of-the-court =
brief.</p>
<p>``The First Amendment does not permit the government to dictate what v=
oters may consider in electing candidates for public office,'' the ACLU s=
aid.</p>
<p>The American Bar Association and a long list of judges' and legal grou=
ps urged the high court to find the judicial speech rule constitutional. =
The states with similar rules are also backing Minnesota: California, Ari=
zona, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas and Washington.</p>
<p>A federal court upheld the Minnesota rule, but narrowed the restrictio=
n to only those issues likely to come before the state court.</p>
<p>Wersal and the state GOP argue those are the very issues voters want t=
o hear candidates discuss.</p>
<p>A divided three-judge panel of the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals u=
pheld the rewritten rule last year. The dissenting judge noted ``many oth=
er states have achieved the same essential goals without trenching upon c=
learly established constitutional rights.''</p>
<p>For the high court, the case will likely come down to whether the rule=
is too broad, and whether it really accomplishes what the state intended=
=2E</p>
<p>The nine Supreme Court justices, like all federal judges, never stand =
for election. They receive lifetime appointments from a president and are=
subject to Senate confirmation. They generally refuse to comment on issu=
es that might come before them.</p>
<p>The case comes amid national debate over politics and big money in sta=
te court elections.</p>
<p>State Supreme Court candidates raised $45.6 million during the 2000 ca=
mpaign, a 61 percent increase over 1998 and double the amount raised in 1=
994, according to a study released last month by Justice at Stake, a coal=
ition of legal and citizens' groups that advocates reform of state judici=
al elections.</p>
<p>The money is partly going to buy advertisements similar to those for p=
oliticians. Special interest groups are behind many of the ads, and in 20=
00 80 percent of those were negative attack ads, according to the same re=
port.</p>
<p>The case is Republican Party of Minnesota v. Kelly, 01-521.</p>
<p>^------</p>
<p>On the Web:</p>
<p>Supreme Court: <virtloc id=3D"" idsrc=3D"" value=3D"">http://www.supre=
mecourtus.gov</virtloc></p>
<p>Minnesota Republican party's lawyer: <virtloc id=3D"" idsrc=3D"" value=
=3D"">http://www.jamesmadisoncenter.org</virtloc></p>
<p>Justice at Stake: <virtloc id=3D"" idsrc=3D"" value=3D"">http://www.ju=
sticeatstake.org</virtloc></p>
</NYT_TEXT></td></tr><tr><td> =
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