Subject: The Vermont case and the future of campaign finance
From: Heather Gerken
Date: 9/30/2005, 6:56 AM
To: election-law@majordomo.lls.edu

I wonder whether members of the list share Rick Hasen's view on the Vermont case ("John Bonifaz is Wildy Over-optimistic (at least in Public) About His Chances of Getting the Supreme Court to Accept the Constitutionality of Spending Limits").  Campaign finance is not my specialty, but whenever I teach these cases, I always leave with the impression that a significant shift in the Court's approach is approaching.  The Justices obviously understand how unworkable Buckley has become, and the number of individual Justices calling for a new approach is noteworthy.  Indeed, I read McConnell not as an example of the Court's doctrinal sloppiness, but as a sign that the Court is just going through the motions, waiting for the shift. 

For these reasons, my guess is that precise doctrinal parsing isn't going to offer a very useful guide for predicting where the Court goes from here.  What is really going to matter is whether a new coalition can be forged among the Justice to outline a new approach.  So it's not just the votes of Chief Justice Roberts and O'Connor's replacement that will matter, but how their presence on the Court changes the current, well-worn dynamic among the Justices.  And the atmospherics are likely to matter as well -- I think that Rick Pildes' observation about the Court's distaste for instability and scandal provides a pretty good predictor for the Justice's intuitions on these matters.  If I were trying to move Justice Kennedy (the focus of Rick's challenge to John Bonifaz), I'd do everything I could to remind him about how badly the system is running rather than offering him the paeans about inequality and the little guy that one sees so often in campaign finance discourse.  That is, given Justice Kennedy's strong views on the First Amendment, I'd try to shift the debate from the well-worn liberty v. equality debate to a bird's eye view that focuses on administrative, regulatory concerns.

That's not to say that Rick's predictions are inaccurate -- to the contrary, I'm making no prediction as to where such a coalition would lead the Court, and Rick knows a good deal more about the intricacies of campaign finance law than I do.  And even if I'm right about impending change, it's not clear that it will happen in this case, as the two new Justices may not want to/be able to exercise such a leadership role in their first year on the Court.  I merely want to suggest that the listserve's discussion on the Vermont case thus far (centering on what is or is not consistent with Buckley) may be too narrowly focused.  If I were the NVRI, I'd certainly want to talk about past precedent.  But I'd also organize my amicus strategy around putting in front of the Court a number of alternative paradigms for thinking about campaign finance -- not just the "equality" paradigm or a balancing approach, with which the Court is all too familiar by now, but a range of structural approaches or procedural strategies that might help guide the Court's thinking on these matters.       

Best,

Heather

Heather Gerken
Visiting Professor
Yale Law School
Box 208215
New Haven CT  06520-8215
(203) 432-8022
heather.gerken@yale.edu
Sept. 1, 2005 - June 1, 2006

Professor
Harvard Law School
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617-496-8262
gerken@law.harvard.edu