Thanks for that. However I omitted The Netherlands, because
(like South Africa), it has sub-national "nomination districts"
even though seat allocation is at large. Because parties still run
different lists of candidates in different districts, even though seats
are allocated among parties purely on the basis of votes nationwide, we
can speak of a Dutch or South African lower house member
"representing" (legally as well as politically - I've heard
that Israeli lists will have a slot for an MP "representing"
the Negev, etc) a particular sub-national region or area, which is
relevant in the context of discussing earmarks/
"pork".
At 13:09 12/11/2010, David Jandura wrote:
The Ukraine did away with its
nominal tier several years ago and is now PR with one, nationwide
district. (Although there are efforts to go back to a mixed
system). Other countries with one district that I know of off the
top of my head are Slovakia, Moldova, and the Netherlands.
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Electoral Systems)
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________________________________________
From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu
[election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Round
[tom.round@scu.edu.au]
Sent: Thursday, November 11, 2010 9:11 PM
To: Election Law
Subject: Re: [EL] [Leg] Earmarks
At 10:05 11/11/2010, Lowenstein, Daniel wrote:
unlike several European nations like France, we have geographic
constituencies
Point of order: France uses, and since 1789 has always used, geographical
constituencies for its National Assembly elections, whether single-member
districts (1959-85, 1988- present) or multi-member constituencies
corresponding to the departments (pre-1958, then 1986-88). Thus, eg,
Valery Giscard d'Estaing won back his former seat in a by-election after
losing president to Francois Mitterrand, as did former Socialist minister
Jack Lang.
The only countries I know that make no division at all of lower house
members among particular territorial sub-sections of the whole nation,
are Israel and Cambodia. I don't know of any European countries that
don't use geographic constituencies. (Russia may have moved into this
category but the news reports aren't specific enough to tell.)
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