Subject: Re: [EL] [Leg] Earmarks
From: David Jandura
Date: 11/11/2010, 7:09 PM
To: Tom Round <tom.round@scu.edu.au>, Election Law <election-law@mailman.lls.edu>

The Ukraine did away with its nominal tier several years ago and is now PR with one, nationwide district. (Although there are efforts to go back to a mixed system).  Other countries with one district that I know of off the top of my head are Slovakia, Moldova, and the Netherlands. 

David Jandura | Research Associate| IFES (International Foundation for Electoral Systems) 
1850 K Street NW, Fifth Floor | Washington, D.C. 20006 | +1 202-350-6742 | Skype: david.jandura 
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________________________________________
From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu [election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Round [tom.round@scu.edu.au]
Sent: Thursday, November 11, 2010 9:11 PM
To: Election Law
Subject: Re: [EL] [Leg] Earmarks

At 10:05 11/11/2010, Lowenstein, Daniel wrote:
unlike several European nations like France, we have geographic constituencies

Point of order: France uses, and since 1789 has always used, geographical constituencies for its National Assembly elections, whether single-member districts (1959-85, 1988- present) or multi-member constituencies corresponding to the departments (pre-1958, then 1986-88). Thus, eg, Valery Giscard d'Estaing won back his former seat in a by-election after losing president to Francois Mitterrand, as did former Socialist minister Jack Lang.

The only countries I know that make no division at all of lower house members among particular territorial sub-sections of the whole nation, are Israel and Cambodia. I don't know of any European countries that don't use geographic constituencies. (Russia may have moved into this category but the news reports aren't specific enough to tell.)

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