Subject: Re: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
From: Steve Hoersting
Date: 1/19/2011, 2:49 PM
To: "Volokh, Eugene" <VOLOKH@law.ucla.edu>
CC: "election-law@mailman.lls.edu" <election-law@mailman.lls.edu>

If the First Amendment were written today, assuming the Lockean philosophical foundations prevalent in the late 18th Century, it would say, "... and of the internet...".

Yet no one walks around today saying, "I'm the Internet."  Or wears INTERNET in their hat bands, or flashes their INTERNET credentials at a political rally.

"The Press" is not a class of persons.  It is an activity.

Best,

Steve

On Wed, Jan 19, 2011 at 5:35 PM, Volokh, Eugene <VOLOKH@law.ucla.edu> wrote:
       Mr. White is exactly correct.  I've looked pretty closely at the original meaning evidence on this, since I'm writing a short article on the subject, and I have seen no suggestion that "the press" meant to refer to an industry rather than to a technology.  (In fact, I've seen a good deal of evidence to the contrary.)  Among other things, wouldn't it be more than a bit odd for "freedom of speech, or of the press" to mean "freedom of everyone to speak, and freedom of the press to publish" (as opposed to "freedom of everyone to speak, and freedom of everyone to use press technology")?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu [mailto:election-law-
> bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of John White
> Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 1:50 PM
> To: Bill Maurer; Frank Askin; Sean Parnell; election-law@mailman.lls.edu
> Subject: Re: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
>
> I have to disagree with the point made about press corporations having a
> "special status recognized in the First Amendment."  There is no special
> status granted to any category of speaker or user of the press.
>
> "Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
> press . . ."
>
> At the risk of channeling Justice Scalia, the term "the press" is unlikely to
> have referred to press corporations, since corporations were a rarity in 18th
> Century America.  Television and radio were entirely unknown.  Thus, we
> must resort to interpretation of the text.  We can agree or disagree on
> whether its protection for  "freedom . . . of the press" warrants
> distinguishing potential criminal liability for the corporate press, multimedia
> conglomerates, or the incorporated corner pet store, or a nonprofit
> corporation devoted to [pick your favorite cause for the betterment of
> society] if they laud or criticize a candidate for federal office.  A wealthy
> nonprofit can have the same "distorting" effect on an election by spending
> money as any other category of speaker.
>
> Note, that the Amendment provides no express protection for views
> expressed other than through speech or the press, but no one among us
> would have a problem interpreting the text to include a handwritten note or
> letter.
>
>
> John J. White, Jr.
> white@lfa-law.com
> (425) 822-9281 ext. 321
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu [mailto:election-law-
> bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of Bill Maurer
> Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 1:28 PM
> To: Frank Askin; Sean Parnell; election-law@mailman.lls.edu
> Subject: Re: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
>
> But individuals are also not given special status in the First Amendment
> and the First Amendment says nothing about individuals one way or the
> other.
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Frank Askin [mailto:faskin@kinoy.rutgers.edu]
> Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 1:25 PM
> To: Sean Parnell; Bill Maurer; election-law@mailman.lls.edu
> Subject: Re: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
>
> Press corporations are no more "people" than other corporations, but
> their special status is recognized in the First Amendment, which says
> nothing about not abridging the freedom of other corporations to speak
> OR try to influence the electoral process.. FRANK
>
>
>
>
> Prof. Frank Askin
> Distinguished Professor of Law       and Director
> Constitutional Litigation Clinic
> Rutgers Law School/Newark
> (973) 353-5687>>> "Bill Maurer" <wmaurer@ij.org> 1/19/2011 3:58 PM >>>
> What about for-profit press corporations?  Are they people?  And what
> is
> the "press"?  Will we have a commission that determines whether an
> association of people is sufficiently "press-y" to qualify for
> personhood?  And is the ability to vote the standard by which
> personhood
> is determined?  The New York Times does not vote and it influences
> election outcomes.
>
>
>
> ________________________________
>
> From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu
> [mailto:election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of Sean
> Parnell
> Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 9:07 AM
> To: election-law@mailman.lls.edu
> Subject: Re: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
>
>
>
> Ran across the following in the Public Citizen report:
>
>
>
> "Corporations are not people. They do not vote, and they should not be
> able to influence
>
> election outcomes. It is time to end the debate about the freedom of
> speech of for-profit
>
> corporations by amending the Constitution to make clear that
> for-profit
> corporations do
>
> not have the same First Amendment rights as people and the press."
>
>
>
> p. 27-28
>
>
>
> Wondering how "Corporations are not people" apparently morphs into
> 'For-profit corporations are not people.' Are nonprofit corporations
> people then? And of course there's the union issue, most of which
> aren't
> incorporated - are unions people? So confusing...
>
>
>
> Sean Parnell
>
> President
>
> Center for Competitive Politics
>
> http://www.campaignfreedom.org
>
> http://www.twitter.com/seanparnellccp
>
> 124 S. West Street, #201
>
> Alexandria, VA  22310
>
> (703) 894-6800 phone
>
> (703) 894-6813 direct
>
> (703) 894-6811 fax
>
>
>
> From: election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu
> [mailto:election-law-bounces@mailman.lls.edu] On Behalf Of Craig
> Holman
> Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 11:18 AM
> To: election-law@mailman.lls.edu
> Subject: [EL] 12 Months After: The Effect of Citizens United
>
>
>
> Colleagues:
>
> Public Citizen has just released a report documenting the aftermath of
> the Citizens United decision on its one year anniversary --
>
> Excerpted press release and link to the report follows:
>
> A year has passed since the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Citizens
> United v. Federal Election Commission, and the damage is clear,
> according to a new Public Citizen report.
>
>  The tally:
>
> * Outside groups are making record expenditures (more than four times
> as
> much spent in the 2010 midterm election cycle as in the last midterm
> election cycle in 2006);
>
> * Congressional staffs and lawmakers are intimidated by corporate
> lobbyists like never before;
>
> * Laws designed to protect the political system from the corrupting
> influence of money have been rendered dead in 24 states; and
>
> * Power has shifted in dozens of congressional seats in races won with
> the help of undisclosed outside money.
>
>
>
> The 76-page report, "12 Months After: The Effects of Citizens United
> on
> Elections and the Integrity of the Legislative Process," reveals a
> year's worth of damage done by the court's decision is available at:
> http://www.citizen.org/12-months-after.
>
>
>
>
>
> Craig Holman, Ph.D.
>
> Government Affairs Lobbyist
>
> Public Citizen
>
> 215 Pennsylvania Avenue NE
>
> Washington, D.C. 20003
>
> TEL: (202) 454-5182
>
> CEL: (202) 905-7413
>
> FAX: (202) 547-7392
>
> Holman@aol.com
>
>
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