[EL] ELB News and Commentary 9/24/15
Rick Hasen
rhasen at law.uci.edu
Thu Sep 24 07:47:27 PDT 2015
Cumulative Voting in City Elections”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76159>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:43 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76159>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
SCV News:
<http://scvnews.com/2015/09/23/judge-no-cumulative-voting-in-city-elections/>
A Los Angeles County Superior Court judge has ruled that cumulative
voting cannot be used in the 2016 Santa Clarita City Council election.
Cumulative voting – where people could choose to cast up to 3 votes
for their favorite City Council member, was agreed upon as part of a
California Voting Rights Act lawsuit lodged against the city by
Democratic activists Jim Soliz and Rosemarie Sanchez-Fraser. The
pair allege that the city’s at-large voting system, in use since the
city was formed in 1987, is a barrier to Latino participation.
But on Sept. 14, after receiving a letter from California Secretary
of State Alex Padilla, Judge Terry A. Green ruled that while it
might be technically possible to rig the current ballot-tabulation
machinery to handle cumulative voting, state law “does not define
any cumulative voting ballot tabulation methods by which testing and
certification criteria could be developed” by the Secretary of
State’s office.
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Posted inalternative voting systems
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=63>,Voting Rights Act
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=15>
“Does America Really Have a Problem with Ghost Voters?”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76156>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:42 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76156>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
VICE
<http://www.vice.com/read/does-america-really-have-a-problem-with-ghost-voters-924>:
Earlier this year, the*Public Interest Legal Foundation
<http://publicinterestlegal.org/about-us/>*, a nonprofit law firm
founded to “fight lawlessness in American elections,”*issued a
report
<http://national.suntimes.com/national-world-news/7/72/1740480/141-counties-u-s-registered-voters-living-residents>*with
what, on the surface, looked like alarming statistics: according to
US census data, in 141 counties, across 21 states, the number of
people registered to vote far outnumbered residents who were
eligible to vote—in some cases, very far. In Franklin County,
Illinois, for example, voter rolls outnumbered eligible voters by 90
percent. In other words, if you are registered to vote in Franklin
County, there is a good chance that you are dead, or don’t live
there anymore.
There’s no actual law against these imbalances—federal election law
prevents counties from removing voters from the rolls without
confirming that they aren’t actually ineligible. But PILF is
nevertheless threatening to sue the counties if they don’t clean up
their books. Claiming that their report’s findings are so egregious
that they constitute a threat to the integrity of the country’s
elections, PILF argues that the counties are violating a section
of*1993’s National Voter Registration Act
<http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2014/03/24/these-states-have-more-registered-voters-than-eligible-adults-what-one-group-wants-to-do-about-it/>*,
which requires local officials to make reasonable efforts to remove
dead or ineligible voters from their rolls.
All this hue and cry is a little shrill, and it’s unlikely that
PILF’s legal haranguing will actually come to anything. But the
problem the group points out is real, and widespread. And while
these ghost voters may not pose the existential threat that PILF
suggests, they are signs of a systemically bad bureaucracy that has
the potential to cripple the democratic process nationwide.
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Posted inNVRA (motor voter) <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=33>,voter
registration <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=37>
Read Texas’s Brief on Merits in #SCOTUS Evenwel One Person, One Vote
Case <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76154>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:41 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76154>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Here
<http://ballot-access.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Texas-Evenwel.pdf>,
viaBallot Access News
<http://ballot-access.org/2015/09/23/texas-files-brief-with-u-s-supreme-court-in-evenwel-v-abbott-case-on-redistricting-principles/>.
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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>,Supreme Court
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
Looking Forward to Previewing “Plutocrats United” at October 8 OSU
Event <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76152>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:34 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76152>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
RSVP here
<http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/registrations/event/campaign-finance/> for my
Democracy Studies lecture at Ohio State.
And you can pre-order Plutocrats United with a 28% discountat Amazon.
<http://www.amazon.com/Plutocrats-United-Campaign-Distortion-Elections/dp/0300212453/ref=la_B0089NJCR2_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1430416698&sr=1-7>
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Posted incampaign finance
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,Plutocrats United
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=104>,Supreme Court
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=29>
“Did Trump Violate FEC Rules With Lawsuit Threat?”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76150>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:27 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76150>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
The Daily Beast reports.
<http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/23/did-trump-violate-fec-rules-with-lawsuit-threat.html>
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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
“The Election Law Primer for Corporations, Sixth Edition”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76147>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:25 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76147>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
The new edition
<http://shop.americanbar.org/eBus/Store/ProductDetails.aspx?CUSTOMER_NUMBER%3B=&sc_sid=&sc_rec=&sc_channel=email&sc_jid=150923AG&sc_cid=5070694-16A&productId=195282687>just
published of Jan Baran’s book that should be on your bookshelf.
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,lobbying
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=28>
Federal Court Appoints UCI’s Bernie Grofman to Draw VA Congressional
Districts <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76145>
Posted onSeptember 24, 2015 7:24 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76145>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
See here.
<http://www.newsplex.com/home/headlines/Court-Appoints-Special-Expert-for-Redistricting-328908301.html>
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Posted inredistricting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=6>
“Voter registration at the center of partisan voting war”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76143>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 10:06 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76143>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Zach Roth reports
<http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/voter-registration-the-center-the-voting-wars>for
MSNBC.
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Posted inNVRA (motor voter) <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=33>,The
Voting Wars <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>,voter registration
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=37>
“Student Leaders in Elections: A Case Study in Poll Worker
Recruitment” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76141>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 10:04 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76141>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Chicago Lawyers’ Committee: <http://www.votingrightsillinois.org/sle>
The/Student Leaders in Elections/report examines the program of the
same name, run by the Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights,
to identify effective strategies and document the program’s impact.
The Student Leaders in Elections Program recruited over 1,500
college students to work as poll workers in the City of Chicago in
three elections in 2014 and 2015, making it one of the largest
college poll worker programs in the country. The students engaged in
a valuable civic opportunity and helped to make the election process
smoother and more accessible for voters.
DOWNLOAD THE REPORT <http://bit.ly/1ivc75n>
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Posted invoting <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=31>
“Government Corruption Is and Remains the Fundamental Danger of
Individual-Candidate Super PACs” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76139>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 10:00 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76139>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Fred Wertheimer writes.
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-wertheimer/government-corruption-is_b_8182830.html>
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>
“Bernie Sanders Would Be The Big Winner In New Public-Funding Model”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76137>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:59 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76137>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Peter Overby reports
<http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/09/22/442519808/bernie-sanders-would-be-the-big-winner-in-new-public-funding-model>for
NPR.
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>
“Presidential super PACs push campaign limits”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76135>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:58 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76135>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Fredreka Schouten
<http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/09/22/presidential-super-pacs-push-campaign-boundaries-carly-fiorina-jeb-bush-hillary-clinton/72612984/> for
USA Today:
The rules on what amounts to coordination, however, are so narrowly
defined that super PACs are increasingly acting as shadow campaigns
— deploying staff to early voting states, financing feel-good
biographical ads to introduce the candidates to voters and
responding to attacks from rivals.
Super PACs cannot supplant a campaign entirely. Two Republican
contenders, former Texas governor Rick Perry and Wisconsin Gov.
Scott Walker, each had the support of well-funded outside groups but
dropped out of the presidential contest recently as they struggled
to win voter support and secure the donations they needed to fund
their own staff, travel, rent and other expenses, such as
ballot-access fees.
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>
“GOP-led Montgomery County election board shifts early-voting sites”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76133>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:56 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76133>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
WaPo
<https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/republican-led-montgomery-election-board-shifts-early-voting-sites/2015/09/22/dc237cb4-613b-11e5-b38e-06883aacba64_story.html>:
The Republican majority on the Montgomery County Board of Elections,
led by an appointee of Gov. Larry Hogan (R), voted Monday to shift
two heavily used early-voting sites to less populous locations,
prompting Democratic charges of voter suppression.
The board voted 3 to 2 to move early voting from the Marilyn
Praisner Community Center in Burtonsville, which serves high-poverty
East County communities along U.S. 29, to the Longwood Community
Recreation Center in Brookeville, 13 miles to the northwest.
The panel also shifted early balloting from the Jane Lawton
Community Recreation Center in Chevy Chase, about a half-mile from
the Bethesda Metro station, to the Potomac Community Recreation
Center, on Falls Road, 10 miles to the northwest.
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Posted inelection administration
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,The Voting Wars
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>
“Promoting good governance and fighting corruption: The example of
natural resource management” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76131>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:54 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76131>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Brookings
event<http://www.brookings.edu/events/2015/09/29-good-governance-natural-resource-management>with
Norm Eisen and others on Sept 29:
Today’s global marketplace provides fertile ground for commerce, but
also presents corruption risks which can be dangerous and costly. In
2014, the World Economic Forum estimated that the cost of corruption
amounted to more than 5% of global GDP and led to a 10% increase in
the cost of doing business on average. Around the world,
corporations, governments and NGO’s are developing partnerships to
combat corruption and increase business transparency. Looking at the
specific case of natural resource management and development, what
are roadblocks to good governance and how can all the sectors of
society work together to overcome them?
On September 29, Governance Studies at Brookings will host a forum
to address these issues and offer recommendations for future
actions. A panel of experts will discuss best practices and
highlight the work of transparency and other initiatives that
jointly engage all parts of society in this arena.
After the session, panelists will take audience questions.
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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
“Political operative charged in Miami-Dade elections case”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76129>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:53 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76129>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Miami Herald
<http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article36095412.html>:
A political operative surrendered to face criminal charges Tuesday
after prosecutors said he manipulated elections for community
councils in Southwest Miami-Dade.
David Alberto Carcache, 34, was charged with falsifying records,
aiding and abetting an elections-code violation and false swearing.
According to prosecutors, the unregistered lobbyist Carcache
arranged for three candidates to run for community councils in
Kendall and West Kendall, even though they did not live in the
neighborhoods and were not eligible to run.
He is alleged to have prepared bogus qualifying documents and
maintained control over the candidates’ email accounts. He also
submitted fraudulent campaign financial records, prosecutors said.
Thousands of dollars in campaign expenses were also paid in checks
or money orders payable to Carcache’s sister and mother, according
to prosecutors.
Two candidates, Mauricio Rodriguez-Varela and Daniel Diaz, won their
elections in August 2014. They resigned because of the
investigation. A third candidate, Jesus Antonio Salas, withdrew from
the election before voters went to the polls.
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Posted inchicanery <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=12>
The Jurisprudence of Yogi Berra <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76127>
Posted onSeptember 23, 2015 9:21 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76127>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
From before my time at Loyola:
*LOSING YOGI BERRA*
Yogi Berra’s way with words reached all the way to the legal
academy. In 1997, a group of Loyola professors contributed to the
law review article, “The Jurisprudence of Yogi Berra,” which
promised to “examine Yogi’s wisdom and demonstrate the parallels
between judges’ and legislators’ comments and what Yogi said — only
Yogi said it better.” The authors included ProfessorsJan Costello
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylistc-d/costellojan/>,Bryan
Hull
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylisth-k/hullbryan/>,Laurie
Levenson
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylistl-r/levensonlaurie/>,Samuel
Pillsbury
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylistl-r/pillsburysamuelh/>,Katie
Pratt
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylistl-r/prattkatie/>,Ted
Seto
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylists-z/setotheodorep/>,Georgene
Vairo
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylists-z/vairogeorgenem/>andGary
Williams
<http://www.lls.edu/aboutus/facultyadministration/faculty/facultylists-z/williamsgaryc/>.
The complete law review article is availableonline
<http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/699/>.
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Posted inUncategorized <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=1>
The Future of the Party and Campaign Finance — A Response to Bob
Bauer <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76125>
Posted onSeptember 22, 2015 1:04 pm
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76125>byHeather Gerken
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=6>
(with Joey Fishkin, University of Texas Law School)
Bob Bauer just offered a thoughtful and engagingcommentary
<http://www.moresoftmoneyhardlaw.com/2015/09/parties-rethinking-reform-part-ii/>onour
work <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2617747>and
anew report
<https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/Stronger_Parties_Stronger_Democracy.pdf>by
the Brennan Center, both focused on the relationship between the
political parties and campaign finance. We agree with part of Bob’s post
and think the rest is plausible—and who knows, he might even be right.
An outsider might find it strange that we’d find a post that is
nominally a challenge to our work to be so convincing. But the truth is
that none of us can make dependable predictions in the highly volatile
world of politics these days. We’re in uncharted territory. For
instance, these days no one can even confidently identify which
candidate the once-predictable Republican primary electorate is going to
choose as a standard bearer—in part because the old rule, which was that
the winner will be the establishment candidate with all the hard-money
donors, no longer seems to be the rule. Things are changing more quickly
than anyone anticipated, and we’re all struggling just to keep up with
the latest innovations of this campaign season.
The debate between Bob and us centers on a simple question: what happens
if we fund the formal parties in the same way we fund the shadow parties
(the SupertPACs and 501(c)(4) and (c)(6) organizations)? Our worry is
that if the formal parties’ financing is identical to that of the shadow
parties’, this will gradually transform the formal parties into
institutions that look more like the shadow parties—hierarchical, almost
entirely beholden to big donors—thus seriously eroding what remains of a
reasonably pluralistic party system. Bob’s worry, on the other side, is
that if we don’t do something to level the playing field between the
formal parties and shadow parties, the formal parties don’t have much of
a future in politics.
We think Bob may overstate the differences between our positions, though
that’s likely due to a failure of exposition on our part. Bob reads us
as opposing all change in the way we fund parties. But we are pretty
close to where Bob is on these questions. We aren’t ready to go as far
as Tom Edsall and lift all restrictions. But, like Bob, we are certainly
open to a more robust funding structure, especially one targeted—as the
Brennan Center’s report is—at certain type of party activities. At least
one of us is ready to support substantial increases in the contribution
caps, and both of us favor allowing candidates and parties to work more
closely together in raising and spending money. We’re just not ready to
reproduce, jot for jot, the funding structure for the parties that we
now have for the SuperPACs and 501(c) organizations.
It’s possible that both Bob and the two of us are right, and it’s just
as possible that we all are wrong. And therein lies the dilemma for
those interested in reform. The two of us are nervous about flipping the
switch and letting the parties raise unlimited sums. We thus approach
the problem more cautiously than Bob. He seems ready to flip the switch,
at least as an experiment. We think it is better to be cautious. To mix
our metaphors in an egregious fashion, it’s going to be very hard to put
the genie back in the bottle. Once the parties become accustomed to
unlimited fundraising, what incentive will they have to regulate
themselves? And if donors become accustomed to ruling the official party
organizations the way they rule their own shadow party entities, those
expectations will become very hard to unwind. Even so, it’s important to
give Bob’s proposal its due, and that is this: There are costs to not
acting just as there are costs to acting. There are costs to doing too
little as well as to doing too much. The formal parties might well
wither and die if we don’t find some way to get them the funding to
compete. We’re all muddling through, in other words.
Modesty is an underappreciated virtue in academic writing, andour paper
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2617747>had modest
aims. We were under no illusions that everyone would be convinced that
we were right on the prediction side; we aren’t that certain we are
right ourselves. What we wanted to do was spark a different conversation
about the future of the political parties, one that wasn’t confined to
“strengthening” the parties but that paid attention to the crucial
institutional differences between the shadow parties and the formal
parties. We wanted, in short, to spark just the conversation that Bob
and the Brennan Center and others are now having.
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>,campaigns
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=59>,election law and constitutional law
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=55>,guest blogging election law
scholarship <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=64>,political parties
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=25> |TaggedCampaign finance
<http://electionlawblog.org/?tag=campaign-finance-2>,political parties
<http://electionlawblog.org/?tag=political-parties>
“Elections Canada warns of U.S.-style ‘voter suppression tricks’”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76123>
Posted onSeptember 22, 2015 10:18 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76123>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
More political acid rain
<http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/21/elections-canada-warns-of-us-style-voter-suppression-tricks.html>spreading
from the US to Canada:
Elections Canada has quietly warned staff to be on the lookout for
increasingly sophisticated tactics aimed at discouraging — or even
stopping — voters from casting a ballot.
The advanced voter suppression techniques flourishing in the United
States are likely to spill into other countries, employees were
advised in a presentation aimed at raising awareness prior to the
Oct. 19 federal election.
The digital revolution has fuelled intensive data analysis south of
the border that allows political parties to zero in on people who
support rival candidates and then find ways to prevent them from voting.
The development prompted Elections Canada to comb through academic
papers and media reports and talk to experts and lawyers about the
phenomenon of electoral malpractice.
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Posted incomparative election law
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=107>,election administration
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=18>,The Voting Wars
<http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=60>
“Five-fold upsurge: Super PACs, dark money groups spending far more
than in ’12 cycle at same point in campaign”
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76121>
Posted onSeptember 22, 2015 9:52 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76121>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
The latest from CRP.
<https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/09/five-fold-upsurge-super-pacs-dark-money-groups-spending-far-more-than-in-12-cycle-at-same-point-in-campaign/>
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>
“CPA Unveils New One-Stop Website, Corporate Political Spending
Database” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76118>
Posted onSeptember 22, 2015 8:46 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76118>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Release
<http://us7.campaign-archive2.com/?u=40bf5e49b86aa2f0454aafef6&id=3a1b59385e&e=496938447c>:
As campaign finance takes center stage for the 2016 elections, the
Center for Political Accountability has launcheda new website
<http://www.politicalaccountability.net/>to serve as the “go-to”
place to track corporate political spending.
The one-stop resource for corporate political spending information
in the 2016 elections will be available
at*www.politicalaccountability.net*
<http://www.politicalaccountability.net/>. It includes information
available for the first time on company political payments to
leading U.S. trade associations and company policies on
contributions to 501(c)(4) “dark money” organizations. It has links
to publicly reported company political spending (thanks to Open
Secrets, from The Center for Responsive Politics, and Follow the
Money, from the National Institute on Money in State Politics).
*Click here now to check out the brand new site.
<http://www.politicalaccountability.net/>*
In early October, findings of the 2015 CPA-Zicklin Index of
Political Disclosure and Accountability will be added to the
database. The 2015 Index will cover the entire S&P 500 for the first
time. The annual Index is the only benchmark of companies for their
political disclosure and accountability policies and practices.
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Posted incampaign finance <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=10>
“In states with elected high court judges, a harder line on capital
punishment” <http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76116>
Posted onSeptember 22, 2015 8:16 am
<http://electionlawblog.org/?p=76116>byRick Hasen
<http://electionlawblog.org/?author=3>
Dan Levine and Kristina Cooke
<http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-deathpenalty-judges/>for
Reuters:
A review of 2,102 state supreme court rulings on death penalty
appeals from the 37 states that heard such cases over the past 15
years found a strong correlation between the results in those cases
and the way each state chooses its justices. In the 15 states where
high court judges are directly elected, justices rejected the death
sentence in 11 percent of appeals, less than half the 26 percent
reversal rate in the seven states where justices are appointed.
Justices who are initially appointed but then must appear on the
ballot in “retention” elections fell in the middle, reversing 15
percent of death penalty decisions in those 15 states, according to
opinions retrieved from online legal research service Westlaw, a
unit of Thomson Reuters.
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Posted injudicial elections <http://electionlawblog.org/?cat=19>
--
Rick Hasen
Chancellor's Professor of Law and Political Science
UC Irvine School of Law
401 E. Peltason Dr., Suite 1000
Irvine, CA 92697-8000
949.824.3072 - office
949.824.0495 - fax
rhasen at law.uci.edu
hhttp://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/hasen/
http://electionlawblog.org
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