[EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

Tue Nov 6 07:31:37 PST 2018

It's not exactly on point, but list members might be interested in this short policy piece<http://ubwp.buffalo.edu/ubri/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/12/Sizing-Up-Local-Legislatures-Policy-Brief.pdf> written in response to an initiative effort about a decade ago to shrink the size of local government legislatures throughout the WNY region.  We tried to gather in a concise form the policy considerations and tradeoffs that might be relevant to voters' thinking about optimal legislative size.

Jim

___________________________
James A. Gardner
Bridget and Thomas Black SUNY Distinguished Professor
University at Buffalo School of Law
The State University of New York
Room 514, O'Brian Hall
Buffalo, NY 14260-1100
voice: 716-645-3607
fax: 716-645-2064
e-mail: jgard at buffalo.edu
Faculty page: https://www.law.buffalo.edu/faculty/facultyDirectory/GardnerJames.html
Papers at http://ssrn.com/author=40126

From: Law-election <law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu> On Behalf Of Anthony Gaughan
Sent: Tuesday, November 6, 2018 10:23 AM
To: Smith, Brad <BSmith at law.capital.edu>; Derek Muller <derek.muller at gmail.com>; Election Law <law-election at uci.edu>
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

Canada provides an interesting case study of the House size issue. The Canadian House of Commons grows every decade to reflect Canada's population growth. In 2015, for example, Canada expanded its House of Commons from 308 seats to 338, a 10% increase.

The contrast between Canada and the United States is striking. We have 325 million people and a 435-member House, whereas Canada has only 36 million people and a 338-member House. As Canada's population continues to grow, the Canadian House of Commons will likely surpass the size of the U.S. House at some point later this century.

One of the consequences of Canada's small ridings is that campaign costs are lower. The average Canadian federal riding only has about 105,000 people, much smaller than the 750,000-person average district size in the U.S. For what it's worth, it is also interesting to note that the Canadian House has a much lower reelection rate than its U.S. counterpart.

If anyone is interested, I wrote an article in 2013 comparing the American and Canadian systems. Here is the cite: Anthony J. Gaughan, To End Gerrymandering: The Canadian Model for Reforming the Congressional Redistricting Process in the United States, 41 Capital University Law Review 999 (2013), available on SSRN here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2236507.

Anthony J. Gaughan

Professor of Law

Drake University Law School

2507 University Avenue

Des Moines, IA 50311

(515) 271-2060

anthony.gaughan at drake.edu<mailto:anthony.gaughan at drake.edu>

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Drake Law School profile:

http://www.drake.edu/law/facstaff/directory/anthony-gaughan/

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SSRN Author page:
https://ssrn.com/author=1697565
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From: Law-election <law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>> on behalf of Smith, Brad <BSmith at law.capital.edu<mailto:BSmith at law.capital.edu>>
Sent: Tuesday, November 6, 2018 9:07 AM
To: Derek Muller; Election Law
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

[External Email]
I'm a bit skeptical about making the U.S. House a lot bigger, but let me suggest in this debate that many state legislatures should consider increasing in size. Many feel a 435 member house is already too large to be an effective body, and if you think that, a 1000 member body would be, obviously, even less effective.

But many state legislatures are quite small, especially state senates, and could easily expand. The California state senate is a particularly ripe example. I believe it has 39 members, each representing over 1 million people. Each member of Texas's 31 member state senate represents over 900,000 people.

But even state houses--usually much larger--may have too few seats. A fairly typical example might be Arizona, which isn't a particularly large state in terms of population. Arizona has a 60 member state house, with each member representing over 100,000. 100,000 isn't bad, but it's more than double the original U.S. House of Representatives population per district. Why not a 90 member house? Is that really too unwieldy? Ohio has a relatively large House, with 99 members, but that's still about 120,000 people per seat. Couldn't the state add 20 seats  without destroying the seat's effectiveness?

Bradley A. Smith

Josiah H. Blackmore II/Shirley M. Nault

   Professor of Law

Capital University Law School

303 E. Broad St.

Columbus, OH 43215

614.236.6317

http://law.capital.edu/faculty/bios/bsmith.aspx<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__law.capital.edu_faculty_bios_bsmith.aspx&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=FXgUr106eRBQ_MHx8uTpwSPVd1Bc8euh0SaCQkdQyXg&e=>

________________________________
From: Derek Muller [derek.muller at gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, November 06, 2018 9:51 AM
To: Election Law
Cc: sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org<mailto:sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org>; pkarlan at stanford.edu<mailto:pkarlan at stanford.edu>; Rick Hasen; Smith, Brad
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives
Understandably, even though Congress could readily solve this problem by statute, Congress has been reluctant to dilute its power by increasing the numbers of members serving in the House. That said, the Washington Monthly piece raises an important opportunity--states could act unilaterally and ratify the Founding-era dormant "Congressional Apportionment Amendment," a la the ratification of the until-recently-dormant 27th Amendment, and constitutionally mandate an ever-larger House of 6,000+ members that grows larger each Census.

Politically, however, we may not need to go that far. If states like California and Texas ratified the dormant Amendment (remaining well short of the 38 needed to ratify), perhaps it'd make Congress nervous enough about the possibility of its passage to inspire it to offer a more modest solution, like doubling the size of the House, and head off further ratification efforts.

It's worth thinking about creatively.... Thanks for the useful replies on this topic!

Derek

Derek T. Muller
Associate Professor of Law
Pepperdine University School of Law
24255 Pacific Coast Hwy
Malibu, CA 90263
+1 310-506-7058<tel:+13105067058>
SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/author=464341<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttp-253a-252f-252fpapers.ssrn.com-252fauthor-253d464341-26c-3DE-2C1-2CclnHJ489EJk4gzoGx7m1GK0mDFFgrglmlRKp8mDm3nZTXVjXj3N92FmOwEz07VekE7lx9IgJ-2DeRBPQx-5FGF6oBv1KGtgx5Sf3B8MMRZg-5FW0VLUJY-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=j4Q0zF-QQRZDPtOMSLlehSRYiJNfMAMYuyb_QGcTd8Y&e=>
Twitter: http://twitter.com/derektmuller<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__twitter.com_derektmuller&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=Nj9he4K3OtFJY1fDm2wSDB3HnqBsRGtdRKOwRZU1GFo&e=>

On Mon, Nov 5, 2018 at 11:27 AM Smith, Brad <BSmith at law.capital.edu<mailto:BSmith at law.capital.edu>> wrote:
A 10,200 member House would be a trip. They could meet in the Capital One Arena.

Bradley A. Smith

Josiah H. Blackmore II/Shirley M. Nault

   Professor of Law

Capital University Law School

303 E. Broad St.

Columbus, OH 43215

614.236.6317

http://law.capital.edu/faculty/bios/bsmith.aspx<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__law.capital.edu_faculty_bios_bsmith.aspx&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=FXgUr106eRBQ_MHx8uTpwSPVd1Bc8euh0SaCQkdQyXg&e=>

________________________________
From: Law-election [law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>] on behalf of Sean Parnell [sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org<mailto:sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org>]
Sent: Monday, November 05, 2018 1:15 PM
To: Pamela S Karlan; Rick Hasen
Cc: law-election at UCI.EDU<mailto:law-election at UCI.EDU>
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

Tip of the hat for the best 10,000 Maniacs reference on the Election Law Listserve, 2018.

Sean

From: Law-election <law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>> On Behalf Of Pamela S Karlan
Sent: Monday, November 05, 2018 12:58 PM
To: Rick Hasen <rhasen at law.uci.edu<mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>>
Cc: law-election at UCI.EDU<mailto:law-election at UCI.EDU>
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

The Constitution sets only the minimum and maximum sizes of the House.  The minimum, now, is 50 because each state must get at least one seat.  The maximum, now, is somewhere north of 10,000 (and think of a band with that number in its name), because Art. I, sec. 2, cl. 3, say that "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand."  One interesting question is what the 30,000 refers to.

According  to the Census Bureau, the total population of the United States on April 1,

2010-the date of the last census-was 308,745,538.That number divided by 30,000 is 10,291.51793333.

President George Washington vetoed the first post-1790 apportionment onthe grounds that

it violated the one representative per 30,000 inhabitants restriction because, although the

ratio of the nation's total population to the number of representatives complied with the

restriction, the way the seats were allocated meant that some states received more

representatives than their state population divided by 30,000 would produce. See U.S. Dep't

of Commerce v. Montana, 503 U.S. 442, 449 & n.17 (1992) (describing that history). To my

mind, David Currie persuasively explains why using the national population, rather than the

population of individual states, is the correct reading of the proviso. See David P. Currie, The

Constitution in Congress: The Second Congress, 1791-1793, 90 NW. U. L. REV. 606, 613-14

(1996).

Pam Karlan

Stanford Law School

karlan at stanford.edu<mailto:karlan at stanford.edu>

650.725.4851

On Nov 5, 2018, at 9:50 AM, Rick Hasen <rhasen at law.uci.edu<mailto:rhasen at law.uci.edu>> wrote:

Thanks all. I will update my post.

From: Law-election <law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu<mailto:law-election-bounces at department-lists.uci.edu>> on behalf of Rob Richie <rr at fairvote.org<mailto:rr at fairvote.org>>
Date: Monday, November 5, 2018 at 9:41 AM
To: "pkarlan at stanford.edu<mailto:pkarlan at stanford.edu>" <pkarlan at stanford.edu<mailto:pkarlan at stanford.edu>>
Cc: Election Law Listserv <law-election at uci.edu<mailto:law-election at uci.edu>>
Subject: Re: [EL] Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives

Pam, Sean and John are absolutely correct - -435 is no magic number, just an accident of history that goes with a certain federal election law or practice becoming seen as "constitutional" if done for a generation or two. Other examples include states holding statewide plurality vote elections to determine how to allocate electors for president, using single winner districts for the US House, and establishing a definitive Election Day for congressional elections.

Having 435 House Members certainly could use more attention heading to the 2020 census, as the average population of congressional districts has tripled since the last change in House size after the 1910 census.

Rob Richie

On Mon, Nov 5, 2018 at 12:28 PM Pamela S Karlan <pkarlan at stanford.edu<mailto:pkarlan at stanford.edu>> wrote:

And up until the permanent reapportionment act in the 1920's, Congress in fact chose the size of the House after every decennial census.

Pam Karlan

Stanford Law School

karlan at stanford.edu<mailto:karlan at stanford.edu>

650.725.4851

On Nov 5, 2018, at 8:14 AM, John Tanner <john.k.tanner at gmail.com<mailto:john.k.tanner at gmail.com>> wrote:

Right.  The current size was set in 1911 by statute

Sent from my iPhone

On Nov 5, 2018, at 11:06 AM, Sean Parnell <sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org<mailto:sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org>> wrote:

Ultimately, the question whether we should expand the House of Representatives is one for the Constitutional amendment process. Whatever else we can say on the policy question, I'm confident that the remedy is not going to be imposed by the federal courts on the country.

My understanding is that the U.S. Congress could, if it desired, choose to expand the size of the House of Representatives? See https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/The-Permanent-Apportionment-Act-of-1929/<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__history.house.gov_Historical-2DHighlights_1901-2D1950_The-2DPermanent-2DApportionment-2DAct-2Dof-2D1929_&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=F8qyXz99PFdPTGnP4VGC-wg-wXDwt-AQibRDXrArW8s&e=>

Sean Parnell

Vice President of Public Policy, The Philanthropy Roundtable

1120 20th Street NW, Suite 550 South

Washington, DC  20036

(202) 600-7883 (direct)

(571) 289-1374 (mobile)

sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org<mailto:sparnell at philanthropyroundtable.org>

Supreme Court Summarily Rejects Constitutional Challenge to the Size of the House of Representatives<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252felectionlawblog.org-252f-253fp-253d101956-26c-3DE-2C1-2CvM2GFNWciR6zrxIzqGpJ3RVMGErEC6ZPpWMkgD06BJ9WTRWHneX7CkDgcxwb4OV0RvtZC37GmV3ZZlTffR-2DLxPdF7avc2cbJ-2DuLOi8-5FXJqeOkb1KNUZkVQ-2C-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=-9yrHUPwJ8HAtLlP53QFLil0GukHntZaXtTAJAOMx7Y&e=>

Posted on November 5, 2018 7:03 am<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252felectionlawblog.org-252f-253fp-253d101956-26c-3DE-2C1-2C9zh-2DBSXGtoF0RNppZYsYu0WU5fA9BcE7iTmUaXQZTZz-2DV1umbYFrrAupBEPICOKfWBUa2e3-5Ft5tisPWx-5FLi3qftHkubpokjtzCEaw-5Fq37TREX16kcLao0Q-2C-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=XKvcCeQwA3nejpZ0j7zJK2dF4Z0CARdpD-UyEYuylNQ&e=> by Rick Hasen<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252felectionlawblog.org-252f-253fauthor-253d3-26c-3DE-2C1-2CbLpnQIWpnKi43coy02173p2jHm8aqjO8ID3gOoJwFnNZ6P6IomRCSS8YNs0z9zYPUZHBV-5F3flwzUG2sWbsA5vA-2DcxGSN3g4rUr2Km2eyduCg-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=ZmWvD41ots_5ikly-B_lGfZawsx74r6nSjNPBgxEiz4&e=>

There were no noted dissents in this order<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252fwww.supremecourt.gov-252forders-252fcourtorders-252f110518zor-5Fo759.pdf-26c-3DE-2C1-2CLQpG-5FxuWzL-2Dr8v9fVmMcnkLqm7dk11eSsXbVoPYzn8BAc6ZKMSm3LvVJ9DNBu-2DOeOeMo0g9a3TugF2JdQUHQhWy1sr98vvVNhwZAkxkmF0io8QHaMQ-2C-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=PAq6PTm9ZVsRmFtomJ1S2lY3HBl19o8d3GpCKj97V2Y&e=> dismissing the case for lack of jurisdiction.

>From my earlier coverage<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252felectionlawblog.org-252f-253fp-253d99364-26c-3DE-2C1-2CP7uJVPktaQPYClI24njQm5aKO1DQGOd6Itlgzgx2O-5F-5FtxGsijFC3XHEbgK6KVJyonXj-5F6ee-5FiWXDNxWDAPvmNIZ7gQBEDkLZYFAZMNUuR3iPcfSImE1J-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=Uj3D_0cxQAbk93l-ZsuDx3oHRx-S1e3ALJXKhCKJP_Q&e=>:

The legal claim is more than a bit nutty, and it does not appear to be litigated very well. But in essence (as noted in this Town Hall piece<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__townhall.com_columnists_pauljacob_2018_06_04_the-2Dfirst-2Dand-2Dmost-2Dimportant-2Dfirst-2Damendment-2Dn2486974-3Futm-5Fsource-3Dthdaily-26utm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dnl-26newsletterad-3D&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=Ai5ZTd4BEIIK57cii4IcdSteu_jlVti00665-YGPhb8&e=>), depends on the idea that the country ratified a  constitutional amendment but no one knows it....

Plaintiffs' case has lots of procedural problems as well. It does not appear to be handled by lawyers who can litigate properly before the court.

Ultimately, the question whether we should expand the House of Representatives is one for the Constitutional amendment process. Whatever else we can say on the policy question, I'm confident that the remedy is not going to be imposed by the federal courts on the country.

<image001.png><https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.addtoany.com_share-23url-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Felectionlawblog.org-252F-253Fp-253D101956-26title-3DSupreme-2520Court-2520Summarily-2520Rejects-2520Constitutional-2520Challenge-2520to-2520the-2520Size-2520of-2520the-2520House-2520of-2520Representatives&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=_DnJSLFn4FdtAWuq73AgPtevL6hIP-21AKREmHdVpqQ&e=>

Posted in legislation and legislatures<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttps-253a-252f-252felectionlawblog.org-252f-253fcat-253d27-26c-3DE-2C1-2CKTrW6Vq-2DOhllTnrmq8sX2oCsdjpCw209UdRbAQLKtcCfPEdOvTPhFkP5nOrxj3KSMpdlvudX42Hosa4v0XVfZ3swtcR0n-2DT0RZeTb4xlqvSzlt7-2DzsvBk8dj8Q-2C-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=FUnnUBK3GdQa48vCtUnt76tJNQl4XYQyihdvUxaL5ew&e=>

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Rob Richie
President and CEO, FairVote
6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite 240
Takoma Park, MD 20912
rr at fairvote.org<mailto:rr at fairvote.org>  (301) 270-4616  http://www.fairvote.org<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttp-253a-252f-252fwww.fairvote.org-26c-3DE-2C1-2CH-2DnuTjCCtom0C5qS4AbA5MdZiAFWifGRRDsOP6QUflq2cHjoyyuSTSoQo8S-2DPvbiWr2hZFwC5OSf0odjcKXwgUGDG3tG3-2DFQJtTmtHnmP1wkMjMkQWWsoUv1aZTB-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=0iG_kxYbH2w9yfXxtrD3229ddEHCHwNLEUW8lccfFgA&e=>
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Thank you for considering a donation<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__linkprotect.cudasvc.com_url-3Fa-3Dhttp-253a-252f-252fwww.fairvote.org-252fdonate-26c-3DE-2C1-2C9i46qjRiB-2DYI1riquRXXgqFR2Tz61Zlf2jpVFKbKbQb4Chsf56kYYNsHHvBVT-2D82Wx2LVjCalYLMIC-5F1V88sS57ieSwno11B8oJstQf2P32Xf8tQFGUynA-2C-2C-26typo-3D1&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=CH2Em2Jz5Q-jzEoHgGCPUD3NAvT4lPXL2Q9HUDO7C6g&e=>. Enjoy our video on ranked choice voting<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__youtu.be_CIz-5FnzP-2DW-5Fc&d=DwMF-g&c=Y3sYibTtslYskVBQ_MzSQQ&r=YINRQ5sDD95hPtEoifvgQhi2b9z7mn00Lmbi1pMe6as&m=YPWgy8TmV5NZ-v337ZUFQ_IGjtazEwNA25gprmELF70&s=AnMKWwU8jlM-m5WZ3JwYLAvDUBFeSWLCRNtkZ2Wslts&e=>!

(Note: Our Combined Federal Campaign number is 10132.)
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